Episode Source Material:
(Research for this episode turned up a lot of inconsistent dates and references to elephants by different names, ages, heights, weights, etc.--there doesn’t seem to be a consensus on where the Crowninshield elephant ended up or if Old Bet was the first or second elephant in America. I did my best to reference only the most apparently legitimate sources in my storytelling, but recognize that opinions differ on some details.)
- The First Living Elephant in America
- Memorial to Betty the Learned Elephant – Glocester, Rhode Island
- Off The Path Revisited: The Elephant Man
- An Elephant is Murdered in Chepachet in 1826 - Online Review of Rhode Island History
- Betty The Learned Elephant
- Elephant Shot In Chepachet – 1826
- Walking Tour Chepachet, RI
- American Heritage | Setting the Record Straight on Old Bet
- The Crowninshield Elephant
- The First Living Elephant in America
- A PACHYDERM'S TALE
- Old Bet
- American Circus Anthology, Traveling Menagerie
- The Elephant Comes to America
- Killing the Elephant: Murderous Beasts and the Thrill of Retribution
- Town of Somers History Beasts and Ballyhoo Menagerie Men of Somers
- America’s Big Circus Spectacular Has a Long and Cherished History
- Old Bet: The first circus elephant brought to the US was killed by a religious fanatic
- RANDOM NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE EARLY AMERICAN CIRCUS
- Never Forget - Down East
- Year Without a Summer
- Was America’s First Circus Elephant in Haverhill?
- Elephants in the (Reading) Room