This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient letter collection called the Cynic Epistles. This one looks at those letters (most likely falsely) attributed to Crates, the third scholarch of the Cynic school.

Specifically it focuses on the nature of human happiness (eudaimonia), which for the Cynics involves freedom and virtue. Crates discusses or references a number of the virtues, including wisdom, justice, temperance, and courage, as well as vices opposed to these. He also briefly examines how these virtues are developed through toil (ponos), self-control and endurance, as well as how the vices develop, in significant part through bad decision-making and pursuit of pleasures

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Broadcast on:

15 May 2023