Radio Miraya
2789: Ministry of Peace Building: Advocating for Peace and Reconciliation Among the Local Communities.
(upbeat music) - Nationwide, we bring you latest current issues, discussions and information. Nationwide, I'm Radio Miriah. - Hello, good evening to you listening to Nationwide. My name is Sani Maath and we are coming to life from Cuba. And today we are going to be discussing with the Undersecretary of the National Ministry of Peace Building about the Peace Dialogue Initiative that they have launched across the country. And they have gone so far to torrid in Eastern Ecuador state, toward east of Warab state. Also, they were in a jungle state and they plan to visit so many areas across the country. This is done in partnership with the donor communities and UN agencies. So the question we are asking this evening is, what does the Ministry of Peace Building want to achieve with these Peace Dialogue Initiative across the country. I am joined here in the studio this evening by the Undersecretary of the National Ministry of Peace Building, Honorable Pierre Philip. Good evening and thank you so much for coming. - Thank you Sani Maath and thank you for having me this evening. - And our lines will be open to you later on where you can call on 091206079 or 092 9686297. Those are all our lines or you can send us your comment or SMS number 091 2177 141, those are all our contacts. You can get in touch with us this evening and ask your question, everybody want peace. There's nobody who does not want peace because with peace development comes, you can enjoy the dividend of peace. So that's what we are going to be looking at this evening here. First of all, Honorable, tell us more about this peace dialogue. You have embarked on has a ministry across the country. Like I said, you have been to BOR, to our eight, in Eastern Victoria, to the east of one upstate. So what do you want to achieve? Tell us more about this peace dialogue. - Thank you very much. Thank you also to our listeners out there. The Ministry of Peace Building was established to part of our work really is to engage the people of South Sudan in using dialogue as a means of resolving our conflict. And that falls squarely as a part of our mandate, which is very key. It is also our understanding in the Ministry of Peace Building that after our independence or during the liberation or the revolution that the people of South Sudan undertook to get a country for us, there was really need for people to have conversation among themselves. What do we call people-to-people conversation, to dialogue, because a lot of things happened during the deliberations struggle. You will find that maybe one community, somebody's car was taken or somebody's child was abducted or was conscripted. So there were a lot of issues that happened. So I think after independence, it's my personal view that we should have gone for a nationwide dialogue, community-to-community dialogue, to see what are some of the wounds that were left behind during the liberation struggle and come up or devise those approaches for resolving or building social cohesion among these communities. So what we are doing now across the country is to present that olive branch of dialogue as a means of resolving conflict among communities, because conflict will always come. And so when people are talking to themselves, you actually reduce that suspicion that you actually grow short those issues that divide people. So that's why we have embarked on dialogue, having our people to discuss among themselves, coming up with a home-grown solution to home-grown problems and see how they can coexist for the better good of a prosperous South Sudan. So what are the formats of this dialogue? Do you bring people in one hole and allow them to express their grievances and after what they've said? What next? Yes, we also believe that dialogue does not end in itself. And this is one complaint across South Sudan that many people have been called for dialogue. And after dialogue, actually the dialogue basically magnifies or at least a number of grievances. And also it comes up with a list of push factor. What is pushing people to find? And so when people have diagonalized these push factors for conflict, there is need for resolving those push factors. For example, two communities might be conflicting over a water point for grazing the animals in dry season. And so if you dialogue with these two communities and they tell you our problem is that this water point is actually belongs to us, but these other communities coming to, for their cattle to drink there, you need to think about how, what is the solution? The solution should be expanding that water point or creating another water point to other community. So dialogue as we believe it does not end in itself. And that's why our approach is what I call convergence approach. Not only doing dialogue and then stopping there, but then also moving a step forward to address what are the push factor for the conflict. So that's what we are doing. And that's why we work together with our partners in the different areas where we are going to do these dialogues. And the way we do it actually we, in every community, people will understand who should be talking on their behalf. As it is always said, people can only be represented by their best. So they choose their best, it is an inclusive process and it is mostly anchored on the traditional leadership authority who are the owners of society in the communities that brings the women together, they use together, people with disability. Even now we have gone to the cattle camps. Like what we saw in Tange, a very beautiful example where the young people have come up with the means of resolving issues in the cattle camp before it comes violent. So it is an inclusive process. And what I can tell you, same imagine is that the people of South Sudan really want to peace. The problem always is that we expect our young people to behave in a certain way. So if the people want peace, why is peace not prevailing up to the bomber level? There are some push factor number one. You know we stay here in Juba and we think that the young people in the cattle camp should be behaving the way we think they should be behaving. But we have not taken good steps in sitting down with them. You know they are a group, they are a community. They have their ways of listening to who they can listen to. And so what we need to do is to encourage those pillars of society. Even those in the cattle camp by the way, there is a system there. But then if you don't engage those in the cattle camp, the leaders of who are in the cattle camp. In some communities they call them the Galway. If you don't engage them to take leadership and you know address those issues as they come, they will not. So the point of making is that we need to work closely with those pillars of society and the peace country there. And with just some few samples from the areas you have visited so far. What are some of the key issues that is cross-cutting when they raise the issues, the push factors? The push factors actually, I think mostly it is poverty. One, two, it is actual, which is the same thing, which is a you know, lack of livelihood, sustainable livelihood skills. The access to market, you know, wealth creation. Every human being wants to have some wealth, wealth creation. And most of the young people have nothing to lose. They don't have skills, sustainable livelihood skills. Some do not have cattle, they want to marry, and you must have a cattle in some communities to marry. Or they don't have the money, and so they will look for cattle. But the other push factor that we have had, mostly, is that there are some people who ignite the young people to fight. Like say, you fight, inciting them, inciting them to fight. This is another push factor that communities talk about. And in some communities, they have said, you know, it is so, it is these commit people who are high, are the one who are telling us to fight. And some communities are saying, "Enough is enough." So those are the push factors. Basically, it's about sustainable livelihood skill. Also, it is about, you know, creating opportunity. Some of them have not had the opportunity to go to school. So, there is no, you don't have much opportunity to get a job, you know. You only have the cows or whatever you are doing. And again, there is this influence of, you know, somebody saying so and so are not good. Let us fight them, and then people are going to fighting. Okay, and given your experience on what you have seen, first hand information on the ground and from the people who are living without wealth, creation, lack of services, and all these have mentioned. After hearing all these from them, they are partners. What do you do next? Do you just live and that's it? No, no, no. I will give you an excellent example of the United Nations Multi-Donna Fund, which is on Stabilization Reconciliation, the SRSTF in Tonsch, in Greater Tonsch. The consortium there led by WFP and other partners, including World Vision, ADRA, and there is also a national organization, they are called Touch. They are doing a great job. Now, they are doing an area-based approach. Area-based approach is where, you know, different partners get funding, and each of them, after identifying some of the push factors, each partner is addressing a certain push factor. So when I went to Tonsch, I found they have done a great job in diversification, first of all, of the agriculture production. They have turned, you know, the areas that got floods into rice schemes. So now we introduce rice farming there in Tonsch, I also saw big farms of maize, which communities come together and plant. They have also introduced, they have planted, you know, good amount of sweet potatoes and cassava. And so you can see that in a year, you know, food can be there all through. It's not something that, you know, limited. So the dining table actually is becoming food. This is an excellent example. The other thing they have done is working with the women and the youth and, you know, traditional authorities to establish some conflict resolution mechanisms. There are young people who are trained to go and resolve or attend to the cattle campaigns. And they are also thinking about production of hay. You know, hay, this grass that, you know, you'd dry it. And instead of chasing grass during dry season, the grass that we have now, the cows can be where they are and eat from where they are. And they are trying to, we had a discussion on how there are a lot of these, you know, craters areas where the guys who worked on building the road go to Maram from. And there are a lot of water in those places. So I would say, why don't you turn this into water reservoir? So that instead of the community going to drink water, with the cows to drink water somewhere, water is already harvested. And the other thing they have done is that they have established a radio station, FM station in Tungeness. That covers about 76 kilometer square. And then they use the radio to pass these messages in the local dialect, local dialect, you know, the message of agriculture, the importance of peace. Most of them were saying when we were fighting these things, we are not there. Now, no fight again. So with all these support from partners and your ministry, so toward the extent, have all what you have mentioned, contributed to the reduction of conflict in that particular area. To a large assessment, to a large extent, to a large extent, because every community that I went to do I spoke to, they were very happy and they said, this program is changing their lives. And I went to one farm and I saw women planting rice, and everybody went to plant rice, you know. Others were asking, we need the potato vine, you know. And they were all saying, because of that project in Tung, Greta Tung, it is excellent. The other thing that the project has done is to, you know, they have built some prison, some detention centers, because what was happening before was you were putting the juvenile together with elderly people and women. But the project has now put the separate sections. So they call it the Concoche project. So a lot of changes really, and we have the same project in Zhongle. We have the same project also in the southern part of Central Equatoria that covers Yae, Koji, Keji, Morobo, those areas. They are doing the same convergence approach. OK, and at the moment now, which other states are you planning to go to? With this peace dialogue? Currently, we want to go wherever that we see. What we want to do now, together with our partners, is to do a very scientific conflict mapping across Amsterdam. Conflict mapping will give us, you know, some hotspots for us to know that, you know, it should not be firefight. We should identify the issues, and we should know that in this year, together with our partners, we can do a dialogue in this area. Now, another dialogue that we are working on together with our partners is between Pakkam and Loonjang. That is Lake State. There is a border between Lake State and Warab State. In addition to the Apuk and Maria Luwau, that was done like two weeks ago, we have another area where some of our partners, the peace canal is working with the community there, and with the government in Lake State to make sure that that conversation takes place. And this conflict mapping, which you really want to do scientifically, who is going to take the lead and what would you like to achieve at the end of the day? The Minister of Peacebuilding won't take the lead, and we already initiated a discussion with our partners. We know many of our partners, including on municipal affairs, they have done some conflict mapping in some states, but we want the government to take the lead. And no, because we believe we will understand the problems better and more deeper. And again, you know, across the 10 states and three administrative area, we have state ministries of peacebuilding, who understand what is happening. Now, the reason why we want to do that conflict mapping by ourselves, you know, taking the lead together with our partner, is because we want to know in a year where is a hotspot. And when we know all the hotspots, then we will do what I call the convergence approach. We can do a dialogue, and we also look at the push factor. Probably it is sustainable livelihood skills, or it is a resilience building for the young people. Maybe it is a lack of a market. Maybe, you know, there could be different push factors. And then we can work with different partners who are doing various interventions, and say, "Why don't we converge here?" Like what the concourse project is doing in Tange. Not only in Tange knows, but in Tange East and in Tange West. Okay, and is this peace dialogue being embraced wherever you go? Everybody is yearning for a peace dialogue. When we went to it, the Honorable Governor, Luis Lobong, actually requested us to even go to other parts of Central, of Eastern, but it's not about the local people. The local people are asking for it. Last year, we had over 17 community members who came together to the Ministry of Peace building from Eastern Ecuador, and said, "We want to have an inclusive peace dialogue. "We want to know what the problem is. "What are some of the push factors in different counties "so that we can come up with the local solutions "to our problems. "We have received also the request from the King of Dazande, "who once called an inclusive peace dialogue "in Western Equatorial. "We have received the same from the people in Unity State. "As we are also planning a similar approach "in Appanile State. "Today, this morning, we had a meeting with the Honorable Governor "and the Deputy Governor, because together with our partners, "we want to have a peace dialogue there "between five counties to bring them together "and see how we can help them, "because many people actually have come to Appanile "who want to settle. "But then we have to keep people talking among themselves "so that the IDPs from the North and those who have come "can settle in peace." Okay, and does it for a straight effort of the Minister of Peace building and their partners when you conduct a peace dialogue in a particular area? If you come back to Juba, two days, three days later, you hear violence has happened in that place? No, because, you know, we are not doing it for 100 people. Change begins with one person. If one person believes in peace dialogue and the champions that, and so they see it of social cohesion, we will go for that one person. So it does not disturb us a lot. We are not distracted. Well, as a human, you feel like, "Oh, you put all these efforts." But we believe that wherever we have gone in South Sudan, we have left an impact, because when you attend Santa Martina and see the women becoming emotional, crying, and saying, "This is too much for us." We want to live like how we were living before in peace, you know? So we will, you know, it attaches your heart and it breaks your heart. But then, whatever happens, always there is somebody who, you know, if there are 10 people, there is somebody who might have a different thinking. We are not worried about that person, but we are happy that we are passing the message and the majority of the people of South Sudan are standing for peace. And some people will be asking that you are going for a very soft target. These people you are going to, are not the real cause of all what we are seeing in this country. The elites are the one who are really the major post factors, who incite, who ignite, who fund, who does everything to maybe cause chaos within the community so that these politicians can remain relevant here in Juba. Well, what we want, you know, the best way of saying, why don't you go after this report? No, actually we have, we have two approaches, we have two layers of our approach, like different engagement that we have had, where we see that we have to engage the key stakeholders in Juba, we do that. So even during your dialogue in the state, has this come up as a result of some people talking about, it's not us, it is them in Juba. Yeah, we have heard that, you know, that's why we have come with our key words. We say we have key people engagement and then more people engagement. Key people engagement and more people engagement. Meaning that the key, the elite, the key people whom we must address their interests as well, you know, conflict is a very difficult thing to understand. Somebody can be aggrieved or can't be, you know, you know, aggrieved for one reason or the other. But then what we are doing is that, engaging with the more people, because if you transform society from the grass root, by the way, if the young people believe and if the young people have something to lose, nobody will tell you go and fight. Sanmatin, I cannot come to dance, Sanmatin, you know, you go and hit that car there. Tomorrow, don't go to work, come join me, let us go and ambush a car. No, no, no, you will say you have your job. Because you have your job, you will think twice. That gives me busy. That gives you busy, you have your family. So until when we try our best to make sure that the young people of South Sudan have something to lose, nobody will play around with them. And for them to understand that, you know, don't be used, this is what I've been telling them. You are 18 years old, you are 20. You should learn how to take a decision for yourself and for your children. And so again, it is also a misunderstanding that we sit in Dubai and say, the young people should do think the way we want them to think. No, what the means for a peace building is doing is having this dialogue. In fact, we will be going to like five states very soon with our partner UNESCO to do peace fora. And we did the same in Torit, bringing the young people together to talk to them about the role of young people in peace building. And they are obligation to the Republic of South Sudan. To love their country above everything. Nobody should give you a much box to go and burn somebody's house, you know. So this dialogue really need to happen with the young people and things can change around. - What beside this peace dialogue, what are some of the main or major activities your ministry and partners are trying to come up with? It may be in the next one or two weeks. - One of the major activities now we are focusing on really is to come up with, you know, we will be celebrating the International Day of Peace in September. We are mobilizing, working together with our partners to do that. The other key activity is what I told you about the conflict mapping that we want to do. And then also we are planning a number of engagements of peace dialogues and conversation. This is something that really we want to do like across the country. Trust the building, dialogue and mediation of recent, we trained our state ministers and DJs inside the mediation. Because the challenge we had in this country is, you know, we did not have the knowledge it takes for us to mediate a small conflict. And Simon, maybe one day I will bring you to some of those discussions. It is a very complicated and attacking. When it takes a high and if you are trying to mediate, you must have the science, the art of to pick and choose the right word to say. Because otherwise, if you don't have the knowledge of mediation, even your word as a mediator will cause more grievances between the communities. So we have trained our state ministers and then also our director generals and our peace committees to have a little bit of insider mediation skills. - Okay, I have a message that has just come in here. He said, "Thank you so much. "I don't know about undersecretary for coming to Red Mirror. "I would like my name to remain anonymous, "but I have two questions to you. "You are aware that you are a government employee "and you are aware that citizens have not been paid "for nine months, that is not your ministry, "but I want to drive this question from there." He says that an empty stomach will never understand whatever advice you are giving to. And I agree with you that our use are also idle and redundant. No services. They wake up in the morning, they have nothing to do. The only thing they think of is violence. Given the current economic situation our use and the entire population are going through. Do you think it is possible to foster peace and dialogue when the stomach is empty? I think that's the question coming to you right here before our lines are open. Yes, you know, nine months without salaries. That's Mr. Anonymous. We don't know. - Yeah. - He oh ha. - He oh ha, yeah. - You know, yeah. You know, the problem with conflict is that when you start conflict, there is a ripple effect of conflict. That will not think about whether, you know, it does not know the owner. It's like double H word. Yeah. When you start conflict, it will not leave you the owner, the person who started it. So it will affect everything. So the best thing actually is not to go violent because there is nobody who benefits from violence at all. Yeah. If we are hungry and the people have not got their salary, their stomach is empty, I think there is a push factor when there is, why there is no salary, you know? I know. It's excellent. The president said the other day that we have gone many months without salaries. That means there is a push factor. Why is it that in the past, we were being paid? I think there is something that is not working. The financial crisis in the world and also the issue of our pipeline. This is what is happening. But now I think for us to be sustainable in food security and this is one of the reports from the UN file that we worked on together, the impact of conflict on food security and livelihood in South Sudan. It is telling us that the more we continue to be violent, the more empty stomachs we shall have. Okay. The impact of conflict on food security and livelihood in South Sudan. In South Sudan. Yes. This report has just come up. We worked on together with our partner, UN file. And so what I will say to my friend. His question is in the absence of salary for nine months and the stomach is empty and given the hyperinflation in the country, can your initiative or your efforts of peace dialogue work can it hold water? It can. Not everything can be bought for money. I also know that. You know, we should be encouraging ourselves to produce like what I was telling you. What I saw in touch. Yeah. People are planting food that they can eat throughout the year. They're not diversifying the agriculture production. They are diversifying that. You know, the problem is if you have hope on one thing, on salary, things can go wrong. You can have hope on your car to drive to the market today, but little will you know that the tire will be robust? Okay. Because you don't know. So we can still, if we embrace peace, all of us, we can produce, agriculture can be the best instead of hoping on the salary. Okay. I know, and I know that the delay impairment of salary, there is a push factor. There is something. Okay, yeah. All right. If you have just joined us right now, you are listening to nationwide. My name is Arnie Martin. You are coming to your life from Juba. This evening, we have in the studio Honorable Pierre Phillip, who is the Undersecretor of the Ministry of Peace Building, National Ministry of Peace Building in Juba. And we are discussing their initiative together with their partners on a peace dialogue initiative across the country that have been to Ton East in one upset, the one bore, they were also in turret. And you have heard from him some of the push factors that is leading to conflict. One of them is the absence of wealth creation. That's one of the factors he mentioned here. And also, you can call us right now. Our lines are open to you, 091-2079 or 091-2069-50. Those are all our lines. Hello. Hello? [INAUDIBLE] Hello, Tony Martin. Yes, your name. You are receiving the studio from the Ganesha Milak [INAUDIBLE] Okay. Go ahead. From our way. I would like to recognize the presidency of the Undersecretor for National Ministry of Peace Building in this video today. Yeah. Concerning the National Dialogue, that he has said that they are going to roll a national dialogue in the state, I would like to ask some few question here, from Martin. First, the first question is, we know it. Seen 2018, the president of South Sudan has initiated national dialogue. Seen 2017 on 2016, and that national dialogue was finally submitted. Are we going to roll another national dialogue apart of previous national dialogue, or are we are following the scenario of the previous national dialogue? Then there's one question. The second question, if we are following the previous one, what are the results of the past of the past national dialogue? The third question is, is it going to be around all the states, or just another particular state whereby there is a conflict? Why I say like this? There are some states now that are physical, and some of the cities whereby there is a fighting taking place. And if it is only for that particular area, where there is a fighting, where there is a fighting, that some people now are still in IDP camp. We will initiate after that camp, where they are in human life, going back to China, in human race camp. So we initiate the national dialogue table. We write that camp, or we are just going to be concentrating on the people who are outside. Thank you. Thank you so much. Hello? Hello? Hello. Hello. Hi, how are you? Good to see you. Good to see you. Yes. How are you? Good to see you. How are you? Good to see you. Good to see you. Hi, how are you? Good to see you. 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I'm a big man. I will. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) - Okay. (speaking in foreign language) (laughing) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) - Hi. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) - Was that right? (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) - One was that he wanted to know what is the difference between the national dialogue that was conducted here, some years back. And this peace dialogue that's being conducted by the Ministry of Peace building and the partners across the country. And I think part of this question was already answered. You said this initiative is all over the country. You will go to where funding can take you. And then this one from James and beer, the role of the use in peace building, most special those in the cattle come, and the issue of interstate cattle raiding. And this one here from a wheel also is asking about, I will is having two border points with Sudan. And he have not seen anybody coming from the national government here to do awareness to the governance forces who are at the checkpoints. - Okay, thank you very much. I will start with the last question on the border. This is good to know. We can, I will talk to our state ministry or peace building in our wheel on this issue. But the conflict that we have been engaging on, in our wheel always has been the residue of the messeria. We have been to those discussions twice and then see how the discussion is taking place. And the community, the local peace agreement they make with the residue and the messeria, when they come we have attended that. And that's something that we have always tried to support the ministry of peace building, a wheel together with the community. They are really on top of this together with the government on that. - The question I want to follow up on that point is, what are the major factors that is leading to those agreement to be holding, compared to other states? - I think it is the discussion because before the messeria and the residue come with their accounts, they will send their leaders and said we will be coming. And then the community of Noden Barazal, they will agree, they will sit down with their leaders and agree, when you come, take your accounts there. Don't disturb the firm. So there is a local agreement which they agree on, but that does not mean that when they come, there is no problem, there are always some problems, but then there is also a mechanism of handling the problem. So that has been an excellent, excellent approach really from the people of our way. There is a guard on the community that they've been doing. On the question of James from Tunch, James, there is a very good, I think you should try to see the leaders of the concord project in Tunch, because they have an approach on how to work with the cattle come use. When I was there, we discussed, I told them that there should be a means of transport because they are used to have been trained to be able to pay attention to what is happening in the cattle come, in the grants. So I recommended that they should buy some motor bikes. So motor bikes, for those usually does, to be able to go through their crawls weekly, to know what are the problems, who took the cow, so that before they go into fight, they also came up with a local way of resolving the problem. So somebody should be in the cattle come who can listen to the complaint of another person from another cattle come. - Before you go to the second part of the industry, what kind of support is the national ministry of peace building together with the state and partners? What kind of support do you give to such kind of use in those areas? - The support that we give, first of all, we work with our partners, and we tell our partners the need to support those use, for example, the use who are working in the cattle come, trying to resolve the problem. We say provide them with a motor bike, for example. And also I saw a very beautiful engagement between the partners and the government of Warap state. When I went to Taunch, Taunch is the minister, Honorable Elia Moen, and the minister, my dear, who is the minister of peace building, the minister of local government, actually Mr. Honorable Elia Moen, he came and stayed moving together with the partners in all the three greater Taunch. For about a week, they were there, listening to the complaint of the women taking note of the use and taking note. Also the representative of the minister of agriculture was there, so that moral support, walking, sleeping together, you know, the roads are very tough by the way. So sleeping together and moving together, you know, in those areas really give huge moral support to the partners and all of us who are there. So there is that moral support, although, but then again, another key area is that they are the ones who will sustain the investment of their donors. So if they are not there, that means then the project ends with a close-up. So there is that partnership, that moral support, that authority, you know, making sure that also the partners, the environment is conducive for them to implement. So those are the support that they give. - Yes, the interstate cut already. - That interstate cut or counter, I think, 'cause if you were saying tungeness, tungeness. - Yeah, sometimes we see cut orangels from other states, for example, in the United States, they can cross over to Lake State and then go back and all this kind of thing. - Yeah, I think what really need to happen is engaging those cut or come use. That's the approach that I think we will need to adapt from what is happening in tungeness. That will be the best approach. - Okay, and the difference between the previous national dialogue and this your piece dialogue initiative. - Yeah, number one is that we are not doing national dialogue, we are doing community dialogues across the country, nationally. So the national dialogue was designed differently. But our community dialogue is really, we are not going to count that this number of people should come from this county, no, no, no. It's about county to county, you know, conversation among themselves. So it's not a national dialogue like how it was before, but it is communities who say we have a problem. We want to talk, we want to resolve our problem. Or it is a state that say we want to see done and we talk. So there is a difference between the previous national dialogue. The national dialogue mostly was people were giving grievances to the government. Things that they thought were not good, you know, participation in government and so on. But this one is community engagement. What is dividing us, why are we fighting? Because everybody need peace. How can we live and coexist together? So this is the difference. - Okay. As we conclude, I would like to find that for my honor. You are the undersecretary of the minister of peace building together with the partners and the other line ministries. What will it take the government together with the partners to ensure that peace and reconciliation prevents this country given the polarization of the communities following the 20, 20, 16 conflict that has divided many people. According to analysts, they say along tribal lines. - Number one is consistent engagement. Consistent engagement. You know, having a dialogue between somebody, for example, if my brother was killed or my sister's who I killed, it's not only about saying, "Alas, you forgive." Because I am adrieved. But consistent engagement, sitting and talking and saying, "Let us agree to forgive, to get and let us move forward." It's not about in and out. Number two, engaging on having the use to have something to lose, life, livelihood skills to the young people. For them to have something to do. Number three, it must be a collective responsibility. The elite community, traditional leadership authority, the churches, to sing the same song of social cohesion and peace building. And also it takes our politician to be like the hen that protects its chicks from an eagle, from eagle. You don't bring fight, fight at your home. You don't bring a fight to your community. You don't incite your community to go and fight. Because if you are a leader, the last thing you can do is to bring fight to your home. Because then, whom are you leading? The people you are leading should be happy that you are there to prevent the eagle from praying on the chicks. But if you bring the eagle to take the chicks, then in my view, you cease to be the leader of that community. Okay. Honorable Pierre Philip, I'm the secretary of the National Ministry of Peace building. Thank you so much for coming and we hope to talk to you. Some other time has organized a peace day in September, right? - Yeah, in September. - Thank you very much for coming. Thank you so much. Thank you to all listeners.