This episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast delves into the alarming effects of the current heat wave in North America, discussing record-breaking temperatures and the escalating impacts of climate change. Topics include the risk of polar bear extinction due to low sea ice levels in Hudson Bay and the potential disappearance of coastal cities in the U.S. within the next century. Host Andrew Lewin encourages listeners to consider their role in protecting the ocean amidst these environmental challenges.
Link to articles: 1) https://www.ecowatch.com/polar-bears-sea-ice-hudson-bay-climate-change.html 2) https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/rising-sea-levels-oregon-noaa-report/ 3) https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/#/layer/slr/5/-8128728.50248323/5178989.535867712/7/satellite/none/0.8/2050/interHigh/midAccretion
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Impact of Climate Change on Polar Bears in Hudson Bay
The podcast episode discusses the devastating impact of climate change on polar bears in Hudson Bay. The record low sea ice in Hudson Bay is a direct result of the warming planet, with temperatures rising over one degree Celsius in the last 30 years. This warming trend has led to a significant reduction in the sea ice cover, affecting the polar bears' ability to hunt for seals and accumulate the necessary body weight for successful reproduction.
Polar bears, classified as marine mammals, rely on sea ice as a platform for hunting and resting during their long swims. The extended ice-free period in Hudson Bay poses challenges for polar bears in finding food and maintaining their health. The loss of sea ice forces polar bears to swim longer distances, leading to increased exhaustion and reduced chances of successful hunting.
The consequences of diminishing sea ice are dire for polar bears. The lack of sea ice means polar bears have fewer opportunities to hunt seals, their primary food source. This scarcity of food leads to polar bears traveling more, resulting in thinner and less healthy individuals. Additionally, the absence of sea ice puts polar bears at risk of drowning as they need the ice to rest and hunt effectively.
The situation in Hudson Bay serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need to address climate change. The warming planet not only threatens the survival of polar bears but also disrupts the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. It is crucial for governments and individuals to take immediate action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and protect vulnerable species like polar bears from the brink of extinction.
Coastal Cities in the U.S. Facing the Threat of Sea Level Rise
Coastal cities in the U.S. are currently under a significant threat from sea level rise, a direct consequence of climate change. As highlighted in the podcast episode, the NOAA has shared an interactive map illustrating how each country would look after sea level rise of up to 10 feet. This rise in sea levels poses a severe risk to coastal communities and infrastructure.
With approximately 60% of the global population residing along coastlines, the impact of sea level rise is widespread and concerning. In the U.S., coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to the effects of rising sea levels. The episode highlighted the example of Miami, a popular city known for its vibrant culture and tourism. The interactive map demonstrated how even a modest rise in sea levels could result in significant portions of Miami being submerged underwater.
The consequences of sea level rise extend beyond mere flooding. High water levels put coastal communities at risk of severe flooding, which can lead to the destruction of homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure. This not only makes certain areas unlivable but also endangers the lives of citizens residing in these regions.
Moreover, sea level rise can result in increased possibilities of extreme weather events, land loss, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and freshwater contamination. These environmental changes can have far-reaching implications for the economy, public health, and overall well-being of coastal communities.
As the episode emphasized, the issue of sea level rise requires urgent attention and action. The upcoming federal elections in the U.S. and Canada present a crucial opportunity to elect leaders who prioritize climate change mitigation and have robust climate action plans. It is essential for policymakers to implement effective strategies to address sea level rise and protect coastal cities from the escalating impacts of climate change.
In conclusion, the threat of sea level rise to coastal cities in the U.S. is a pressing issue that demands immediate action. By raising awareness, implementing sustainable policies, and prioritizing climate resilience, we can work towards safeguarding coastal communities and infrastructure from the adverse effects of rising sea levels.
The upcoming elections in North America, specifically in the United States and Canada, will play a crucial role in determining the future actions taken to combat climate change. As highlighted in the podcast episode, the decisions made by the elected officials in these countries will have a significant impact on the trajectory of climate change mitigation efforts.
In the United States, the federal election scheduled for 2024 will be a pivotal moment in determining the country's stance on climate change. The podcast emphasizes the importance of electing officials who prioritize climate action and have concrete policies in place to address the pressing issue of climate change. The contrast between political parties in their approaches to climate change is stark, with one party actively working towards climate action while the other party lacks a comprehensive climate action plan.
Similarly, in Canada, the upcoming federal election in October 2025 will also be a critical juncture for determining the country's direction on climate change. The podcast underscores the necessity of evaluating the climate action plans put forth by different political parties and choosing to support those that prioritize environmental sustainability and climate resilience.
The podcast episode emphasizes the urgency of electing officials who are committed to implementing effective climate change policies. It stresses the need for voters to consider the climate action plans of political parties and make informed decisions based on which party offers the most robust and actionable strategies to combat climate change. The outcome of these elections will shape the future trajectory of climate change mitigation efforts in North America and have far-reaching implications for the environment and society as a whole.
I'm not sure if you've noticed, but it's a little hot these days over here in North America anyway in Canada and the U.S. especially the Northeast U.S. and the Eastern Canada provinces. It's pretty it's pretty hot and it's getting a little ridiculous. It's only June and it doesn't usually get this hot in June. We're breaking records upon records upon records. It doesn't look like there's really an end in sight from what I can see in this heat wave that's putting about 150 million Americans in this heat wave in certain areas are in danger or having some sort of heat warning. And so this is something that we need to talk about because it seems like just from an anecdotal point of view climate change is getting worse and worse and worse every year or we're feeling it worse and worse every year, especially this year when it's an El Nino year and things are changing. So we've got a couple stories that we're going to talk about. We're going to talk about record low sea ice in Hudson Bay that puts polar bears at risk of extinction. And we're also going to be talking about coastal cities in in the U.S. that may or may not be there in a hundred years 50 to 100 years or so. So we're going to talk about that on today's episode of the how to protect the ocean podcast. Let's start the show. Hey, everybody. Welcome back to another exciting episode of the how to protect the ocean podcast. I'm your host Andrew Lewin and this is the podcast where you find out what's happening with the ocean, how you can speak up for the ocean and what you can do to live for a better ocean by taking action. And today's episode we're going to be talking about climate change and how this heat wave has got me thinking. It's probably got a lot of people thinking. I don't know if it has you thinking, but it's definitely got me thinking in how the heck are we going to when's the end of this heat wave going to hit because it's getting ridiculous outside for the past week, week and a half. Actually, just the I feel like it's the past week. I remember Sunday last Sunday, not this Sunday that I'm recording on this last Sunday. I was talking to my wife. We're out in the backyard enjoying our backyard. It was a lovely Sunday evening and it was a little chilly. There was breeze and it was like, you know, 22 degrees Celsius. I'm going to deal in Celsius because I'm Canadian. And I was like, wow, this is getting really, really hot or really, really cold. And so let's go inside. So we went inside for a little bit. It was like nine o'clock, nine 30. And I was like, wow, yeah, it's really cold and surprised. I thought it was going to be really hot this year. And then the next day hit and oh, my Lord, did it ever get hot? I coach football and we had to alter practices because it was crazy. It even rained in the afternoon and it got hotter. It got more humid. And that's just insane. And you know, I started to see this come on in Florida when I had some colleagues from work went to a conference there. And they came back and I said, Hey, how was Florida? How was it? The conference went well, but it was 46 degrees Celsius outside 46, 46 degrees Celsius outside. That is insane. And I was like, wow, it's only June. I'm like, Florida's going to be hot this year. Like normally Florida's hot, even June, it's hot. And I hear like the, you know, people who live in Florida, like, Oh, yeah, summers are crazy. It's that we don't even like being here because it's so darn hot. Okay, but 46 in June, like what's July going to be? What's like, you know, what's August going to be? I heard friends that live or have family that live in India. You know, they're talking about how it's 50 degrees, 50 degrees a few times last week. That's, that's high. That's really, really hot. And I know these places are used to being hot, but it's getting even hotter outside. And you know, and when we have, you know, stories like we're going to cover today, like the record low sea ice and Hudson Bay up in Canada, you know, where it's, it's really affecting though that sea ice that the heat is melting the sea ice, the Greenland sheets are melting. There's these doomsday ice sheet that's melting as well. You know, we're starting to see hotter water in the ocean, just general, if you've I haven't not sure if you've seen the meme that's going around or the, the, the satellite imagery of temperatures in the ocean, we're already starting to see, you know, waters up to 100 degree Fahrenheit, which weren't seen before that before last year, they weren't seen in a long, long time. And that was only every once in a while. Now we're seeing it more and more. And so we're going to, we're, they're expecting even a word, like a, a more tumultuous season of hurricanes in the Southeast, you know, of the US, because the Atlantic is just so hot. You know, we're just going to see much more evaporation. We're going to see much more temperature. And you know, the sea level rise because the, because the ice is melting and the water's getting hot. What happens is the ocean just absorbs a lot of that carbon and a lot of that heat. And so it's absorbing the heat. So the water molecules are expanding. So everything's expanding in the ocean. So we're going to start to see, you know, an increase in the sea level rise and in certain areas, it's going to get worse than others, right? Certain areas you're going to start to see, you know, no change at all. In other areas, you're going to start to see huge changes. And that just depends on what degrees we're looking at, right? So if we're seeing, you know, the site says the ice free period too long for southern and western us and bay polar polar bear populations if global warming exceeds 1.6 or 2.6 degrees Celsius. So that means we're going to see ice free conditions. Now, here's a little bit about polar bear ecology. You know, polar bears are a bit of like a canary in the coal mine because they require sea level or sea ice at some point, whether it's fixed or it's floating out in the sea. They require that to rest from their long swims. Polar bears are considered marine mammals because they spend more than 60% of their time in the ocean. So they're considered marine mammals. There have been records that have been broken that where a polar bear has swam. I think the longest it's been recorded to swim is 700 kilometers, but it needs to rest during that time, right? Like 700 kilometers is obviously the extreme, but you know, they're looking at 100 or 200 kilometers. They got to go find seals. So what happens in Hudson Bay is every year during the summer, these are especially early summer, they come the polar bears come in from wherever they're coming from. And they come in, they all aggregate at Hudson's Bay. And that bay it's a huge bay. And they come in they usually around church. So there's a huge population that comes in. People know they inside they hide and whatever it might be, they stay away from the bears. And then the bears hot like go swimming and they hop on seal ice to be able either to eat the seals that they catch or pull up the seals that they catch and hunt from there. And even seals will will like hang out on those sea ice floats, right? But if the water is getting hotter and the temperature is getting hotter, that ice is not going to be there. That sea ice floating sea ice is not going to be there. It's going to melt. And if you don't have those those floating sea ice, you know, areas, then polar bears are just going to drown because they need to breathe water and they can't just float on their own. They need to swim. And so if they're not swimming, then they're are they are drowning. And if they don't have anything to rest on, they are drowning and we're going to start to see less and less and less polar bears around. Now polar bears all have like they have other troubles as well. They have troubles with their fur from the air quality that comes up from the south and comes into the kind of gets taken in by their body and it goes into their first they have chemicals in their fur. Remember during an interview about polar bears a long time ago, somebody who worked with polar bears international. And so they already have their own problems, right? The scarcity of food, not only at sea, but on on ice, like on the on land as well is getting worse and worse. So you're starting to see polar bears travel more. That means they're going to be skinnier. They're not going to be as healthy. And they're probably going to get the first thing they can get, which is not what they want. And probably not the healthiest, healthiest for them. So apparently Hudson Bay has warmed over one degree Celsius in the last 30 years coincident with this warming seasonal patterns have shifted with the spring ice melting earlier and the fall freeze up occurring later, leading to a month longer of ice-free conditions. The this extended ice free period presents a significant challenge for polar bears as it restricts their hunting opportunities for seals and their ability to accumulate the necessary body weight for successful reproduction. That was in that latest paper that I'm talking about here. Right? So this is like, this is a problem for this lack of sea ice and for polar bears. And you're probably wondering, it's polar bears like, yes, we want to protect the polar bears, but they're an endangered species anyway. Like when push comes to shove, like we need to protect humans. The humans are the ones that are at stake here. And if we lose polar bears, I'm sure even though I think it's awful, I'm sure some people will be like, yeah, we lose polar bears like that's not going to be good. Like that's not going to be good at all. Well, then I found this article that I just came by and I don't normally like to do episodes on climate change because they can be depressing, right? Because there's not a lot of quick changes that we can do. I mean, politically there is, but that's not going to happen, right? We just don't see quick policies that get put into place that can help us and then, you know, help us go in reverse of this climate change. No, it takes a lot more. And I'm not sure if we'll see that there are a couple ideas which we'll go over in just in just a second. But there's an article from the cooldown.com and it talks about scientists sound the alarm as growing threats loom over coastal states. Here's what you need to know. So along the coast, the damage would be expensive. Now 60% of the population around the world live along the coast. And that's true for the US and for Canada. We need to live around some sort of water body because it's important for us to get certain things in back in the day was important for food. It was important pathway to get materials in for trade and so forth and still is. It's still a big part of our society. But when you're near water and you're in a state where climate change is really affecting the world, you're seeing sea level rise. And just like I mentioned earlier, as the water expands because it's absorbing heat and we're seeing more water put into the ocean because of melting sea ice, we're going to start to see rising sea levels. And there are concerned in many places worldwide from islands in the south west Pacific to canal based cities in Venice and Italy. And in the United States, many coastal areas are preparing for this situation. And then and the NOAA has shared an interactive map, which I'll share the link in in the show notes of how each country would look after sea level rise as much as 10 feet. So this one here was more of of the states in the in the ocean. So essentially what it is, it's basically it's like, okay, if you have 10 feet of sea level rise in certain areas, this is what the country's going to look like. And if you zoom in to certain areas, so for instance, if I zoom in to areas like Miami, which is a big city, and then, you know, I always find it interesting, it's a big say that people like to go to, you know, if you look on social media and you look at sort of like the cool kids of social media that people have a lot of money, they fly into and out of Miami quite a bit. Miami is that city. You know, it's a party city. It's where a lot of the rich go, they build their homes. And you just see all this happen. Well, if you if you take that toggle and you go down the water level and you go down to like one foot, right, or zero feet, then you go to one foot, we're looking at a lot of Miami under potentially underwater. Right? If I look at, if I look at Miami, it's obviously in that whole area, right? And I start looking and it's one feet. It's not all underwater, but there's a lot of places that are affected. You know, if so if you just take that toggle and you move up one feet, one foot, sorry, a lot of the area is is taken up, like culture Bay, Palmetto Bay, like those areas, there's a lot of stuff along the coastline that like a lot of the infrastructure along the peers that are going to be gone. You know, and a lot of like lowlands that are going to be gone. And like a Biscayne key or key Biscayne, we're seeing some areas there. If you go to two feet, I go to two feet, I start to see like some of the the proper like the city proper get swallowed up by water and those islands, those intercoastal islands, Miami beach and everything like that. That's starting to that's starting to get taken up, right? And so like streets are flooded with just a two foot rise. Then you get into the three foot rise and the three foot rise looks big, especially around Miami beach, South beach and things like that. You're starting to see a lot more effect of sea level rise, right? And so if you're starting and even along like the the Everglades and so forth, you know, if I if I start taking off the as the Everglades are starting at three feet and really starting to get in peated by by ocean levels, right? And so we're continuing to see all this happen along that coast, you know, my again, Miami beach, Bay Harbor Island, sunny aisle beaches, though all those outer coastal like highways and outer coastal areas intercoastal areas, those are all like they're practically gone. That's just with three feet. And you start to go with four feet. Now you're starting to look at the rivers expand within the city. And you're starting to see Miami just sort of disappear and disappear. Then it gets real like five feet gets really bad, like the city's flooded in a lot of areas, right? And so like you see this happen. And it's it's, you know, this is something that you've got it's a problem, right? All the low lying areas expand, right? And then you start to see like the water depth deep in certain areas. And then a lot of it's from rivers, at some places you don't even expect it. And I talked, I talked about it in an episode a while ago, where, you know, the water's coming from the ground. It's coming up because there's nowhere for anything to absorb because the water's seeping in underneath. And so we're going to start to see areas where it's like, how did this get, you know, this get flooded? And that's because it's all coming up from the ground. So there's a lot of like a lot more low lying areas in Miami and things like that. It can get like Florida's going to get pretty bad. We're going to start to see like Louisiana. And at five feet, Louisiana is is pretty much like any any of those coastal areas are pretty much gone. New Orleans. Hey, tragically hip said it's sinking. Yeah, it's pretty much sunk, right? Because of Lake Ponce train and everything. It's it's, it's, it's not good. You know, a lot of the places are gone or become islands. And that's not good. Let's look up, like look up north to like areas of my way. You know, you're looking at, let's see how areas in like Lake Ontario, I don't know if they have it for Lake Ontario, they probably don't have it for Lake Ontario. No, they don't have it for the Great Lakes, unfortunately. But they do have it for like New York City, right? They have for New York City. You're seeing a lot of places in New York City, you know, flooded a lot of the pier areas and everything. Those are flooded. So, you know, this is we are not in good shape, folks, you know, with, with these, this increase. And, and so we have to start thinking about, you know, what is going to happen to these areas? So a rise of two feet, if we want to just kind of put it in context, a rise of two, two feet would put coastal states all the way up to the east and west coast, as well as Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama at risk. Oregon is one of, is one state that would see a major impact. So as Oregon live detailed, a six foot rise will submerge islands in the Columbia River, potentially completely covering the Salvi Island, right? That's pretty, that's pretty good. So like pretty bad. So like, why is this really concerning? It's because high water levels, first and foremost, put coastal communities at risk of severe flooding. So this could destroy homes and businesses make, make some areas unlivable and put citizens in danger, right? It says among the other major effects of sea level rise, if sea level rises are an increased possibility of extreme weather events, land loss and coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion and freshwater contamination and climate mitigation or climate migration has detailed the National Resource Defense Council. So here's, here's the thing is like, we see these maps and we're like, oh, it's not that bad. It's not going to be permanent in certain areas. But the problem is, is it gets more and more vulnerable. Their city becomes more and more vulnerable as more water creeps in. So when you do have hurricanes, say in Florida, the flooding becomes worse. The flooding starts to reach areas that it never reached before in the last 30 years. And so that becomes a problem. We're going to start to see people move, but when people move, they have to sell their homes. Well, who's going to buy a home that's going to be flooded every time there's a bit of a storm, right? As I mentioned, last time, the rich will be able to, to, to kind of sort of write it off or get rid of it without having to buy a new place because they can buy a new place anywhere they want. But though for those as a people in Florida who can't or in areas that have low lying areas, who can't afford to go, well, they're not going to be able to just not sell a house and just buy a house. They're going to have to start all over again. And houses are going to be more expensive. And there's going to be certain areas that they have to go and see and they have to go in and they have to buy. And it's just going to be really difficult. We're going to see a huge climate migration in the US and probably Canada as well. So a lot of these things, you know, it will happen over time. As we are starting to see, like, I remember 20 years ago, my supervisor and I talking about climate change. And he was like, you know what, it's going to get ignored. And people are just going to go on their regular day. But when they go on their regular day, and we start to see more of these changes actually happen, they're going to compound on each other. It's going to be like compound interest, it's going to be a compounding climate change effect. And we're going to get worse and worse and worse. And it's going to be at a much faster rate. And that's what we're going to see. And that's what we're starting to see right now, right? It's not just wildfires that we're seeing every once in a while. It's wildfires every year. And now they don't even stop. They they go all the way around the clock all the way around the year, even when it's cold in some areas. The most of the boreal force was on fire at some point in Canada. We have a huge boreal force, one of the largest in the world, if not the largest. And it was all on and most of it was on fire. And it burned down homes. It put people out. It killed people. This is all because of climate change. This has been happening along the West Coast for a longer time than just last year. But it's getting worse and worse, not getting better. It's not going to get better. And unfortunately, we still have people who fight this and says, oh, well, it's lightning or people are setting fires. Well, it's not true. But it's lightning will happen as things get drier and dry. And lightning will will continue to to spark these fires, but they're saying it's arsonists. And it could be an arsonist, you know, doing some a little part, but it gets really big because everything is just so dry, so, so dry. But they're not responsible. Arsonists are not responsible for saying every single fire that's happened in Canada over the last year and a half, right? Or in the US. So we're starting to see worse extreme events and they're starting to happen more frequently. And they're not going to stop until we decide to do something. And that's really comes down to political pressure. And I'll be honest, in North America, in Canada and US, we have elections coming up. The US has a major federal election coming up in 2024 this year in November. And Canada has won in October of 2025. And there are major decisions to be made here. You know, in both situations, you have one party and it's pretty much a two-party race for each one. You have one party who's doing something about climate change. And then you have another party who doesn't want to do anything about climate change. You have to identify which one's going to do the most and which one's going to do something. But if we elect the wrong ones, right? They're not going to do anything. It's just going to get worse and worse and worse. And their friends in the fossil fuel industry are going to get richer and richer and richer. And that's really what it comes down to. We can do everything we want individually. But when it comes to elections, a big federal election, like we have in Canada, when we have in the US this year, it really is going to matter. We do have to put money. We have to dedicate policy to climate change. And we have to do it faster than ever. Because if we don't do it, we are in bigger and bigger and bigger and bigger trouble every single year. And so these stories just highlight some of the consequences we're seeing from sea level rise and from a heating planet. We need to do more. We need to do something. And it really comes down to an election. Now, I know a lot of the times, you know, I'm not here to tell you who to vote for. That's none of my business. I know who I'm voting for at this point in time for the Canadian election. But I'm not here to tell you who to vote for. You have values. You have beliefs of certain things. And that's fine. But what I am telling you is to be on the lookout and see which party has the policies to fight climate change. You may not agree with each and every one of them, but do they have the policies? And what does the other party have? Do they have nothing? Or is like, like, you know, there's one of the party's policies in Canada is like, Hey, there's carbon capture. We can rely on carbon capture, not right now. You know, there have been there have been studies have come out saying carbon capture is not part of climate change mitigation at this point, because it does not work the way we want it to. That's a big problem. It's not there yet. It might get there at one point, but it's not there yet. So we cannot, like as the fossil fuel companies have been saying, we and like, you know, they will we can continue to burn fossil fuels because we are going to capture each one. So we'll come out and wash every time we do it. No, that's not true. It will not come out of wash. It will be worse. And it's not going to help. So you got to just do your homework. You got to start looking at the science. You've got to start talking. You got to start listening to people what they're saying. And if somebody comes off and says, Hey, climate change is not that bad. We should be okay. Or they say it's too bad that we can't do anything about it. None of those are true. We can do something about it. We need to do something about it. We need to do something about fast. And because things are getting a little hairy, things are getting a little wet. Let's just say no pun intended, but things are getting a little wet. And so we need to do something more about it. And that requires electing the right party that will actually do something about climate change. I wish both parties would offer up different ideas on how to do climate change so we can make a better decision. But at this point right now, it seems to be from what I've seen for both part, for both countries in and all the parties running, there seems to be one party has a climate action plan. The other party doesn't. And if if you can prove me wrong, that would be great. I would love to see it, but I would love that choice to say, Hey, I want to vote for this party because I like their climate action plan better, not because, Hey, I'm not voting for this party because it doesn't have a climate action plan. That's the disappointing part about some of these parties that are running and some of these leaders that are trying to run them. So anyway, that's it for today's episode. I would love to hear your thoughts. Like, what do you think is going to happen if the, you know, if the next governments get in, do you think we can still do this? Do you, what kind of policies do you like best in your country that fights climate change? And if you're part of a country that doesn't fight climate change, what policies are the opposition putting forward? I would love to hear your thoughts on this. Hit me up on Instagram at how to protect the ocean. And if you want more news to your inbox Monday to Friday, you can get that if you go to speakupforblue.com/newsletter and sign up for our newsletter for free. All you have to do is just put up your email, put in your email. I don't sell it to anybody. I don't give it to anybody. It stays as private as my software that allows it to. And you get in, you get, you know, information to your inbox every single day Monday to Friday. So thank you again for joining me on today's episode of the how to protect the ocean podcast. This has been a great time. I really like talking about this stuff, although it's depressing. But I appreciate you sharing the episode for anybody who needs to know more about climate change and the ocean. But thank you so much for listening to this episode of the how to protect the ocean podcast. I'm your host, Angelou, and have a great day. We'll talk to you next time and happy conservation.
