Young Israel of Westside Shiurim
Baba Basra 89
So we talked about the Mishnah where there were different men hugging about how to measure out and that you're not allowed to deviate from what the norms are. Magna Cum Laude Magasa, if the minna was to measure out what the large measures shouldn't do with the small measure and vice versa. So here the markets into this. A bunch of prices that we're all going to deal with the sukkim of having false weights and measures. Not just in mocha mocha mocha mocha, how do you know that if the minna is normally to heap it, in other words, when you heap something, it goes over the cup and it actually gets up to a third more than you would if you would level it. So how do you know if the minna is to be gaudish, that you're not allowed to level it? The ingos mocha mocha, or the opposite, the minna gets to level it and you're not allowed to heap it. And here the raspana adds that the happamine you're allowed to do this is certainly that you're not allowed to. There's certainly no happamine you're allowed to cheat. Others charge somebody, let's say normally it's heaped and you're giving level, you're certainly not allowed to charge the same price as someone who would heap it if you're only giving them a level one, you're giving them less. But it means even if the customer would agree to forfeit the extra produce that he would typically be his if it was heaped or in the opposite way, if it's normally leveled, it's also a deheaped. Even if the seller wants to forfeit the extra profit, how do you know you're not allowed to do it even if you're a so to speak mocha on the extra. So that's a perfect measure. So that lusgen of being perfect, it's not just has to be accurate, it has to be that it can't seem like it might be deceitful. If you were to be different than the local costum, even if someone was mocha, someone would seem and think there's the costum and they would then go on and bad things would happen from that. So it has to be shallow. It can't just be mocha. It has to be done the way that the minna gets to. I'm not reading mocha, mocha, mocha, but what if somebody said I'm going to level in a place where people usually heap it, but I'm going to reduce the price for the buyer. I'm going to heap where people usually level it, I will add to the price per measure for the buyer. So in this case, you would say, oh, it's not going to lead to bad because everybody here is the price is different, is being adjusted because it's being leveled or he changed him a little. How do I know? Even here we don't listen to him. I'm a little more the positive says, eight. So we're saying that this extra word, it said that means you have to take any means necessary to avoid that it can even in any way look fraudulent. That's the second price I thought about, I mean, I'm chain mine, mocha, mocha, mocha, and how do you know? You shouldn't balance a scale in a place where people, the costum is to tilt it. If you're in mocha, mocha, mocha, and you shouldn't tilt it in the costum where the costum is to balance it. Remember, we learned yesterday how do you avoid making sure that you're not giving less than you should to the buyer. So I'll also, as we learn from the Torah, that you have to give them a little bit extra. Now, the places where the minna was that they would tilt the scale by a tafach, put more merchandise to make it go down by a tafach. but it places with them and places where it wasn't. So how do you know you shouldn't deviate tambalomar? Eventually, I'm going to do it. How do you know if somebody says I'm going to do it? Balance it where people tilt it, but I'll reduce the price. Or I'm going to do it where people usually balance it, but I'll add to the price. How do you know, even here, she ain't show me that we don't listen to tambalomar, even tambalomar. Shleema, what's that? Continues the kamara, hambalatic low. Interpretation here. Hambar, you need to be serious. Low, low, low, high, base, while you're not going to have anything in your house. So just look at the positive inside in the simple trap before we see the homiletical shot. The positive says, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] You shouldn't have by you, in your pouch, with different weights, different small ones, and big ones. So we're breaking up the positive. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] You're not going to have anything in your house, meaning you're going to be poor. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] What is the reason? You should have an eight of eight, but it's because you keep a large and a small measure. In other words, because you cheat, therefore you're going to become poor at least with a couple of kids. But you won't have any of your pouch. You won't have any of your pouch [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] because of the different weights that you have. In contrast, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If you have a perfect and just weight, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] then you will have money. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If a perfect and just measure, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] then you will have a lot of money. So we see that Hashemo bless people who are honest. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The positive says, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] the perfect just weight you will have. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] This tells us, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] There are spiritual police who will go around and enforce that people have correct measures and weights. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] However, we don't do that for prices. What does that mean? We don't do that for prices. We don't go out and punish people who change prices. It's not-- this is just logical. You don't have to, the rest of the bottom says. You don't have to send out the police to enforce a fair pricing, because if anyone tries to charge too much, the competitor will bring him down because they'll sell for less, contract to other customers, which will then just force the guy who tries to sell for more to lower his prices as well. So there's really just no need to do anything to enforce better prices. It says, the one-out story. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And the house of the nuts, he did make the police, but he didn't mean to spend the charge, not only for measures, but also for prices. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] To go out and teach them what he's doing is not right. And show them that price. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] You do make the police for weights and measures, but you don't make it for prices. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And he dares you. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] That we do make the-- he went out, and he taught it to them differently, even though seemingly the prices said otherwise. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And he taught them, as if it said different, that we spend out the police also for prices on the lake. So [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] He said, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] So [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] He said, typically, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] you should be a horn, which would grow from your eye. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And a horn ended up growing out of [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] eye. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Obviously, he wasn't making it up. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We do put out the police as well for prices, because of people who may wait for the competitors to sell the merchandise, and then only then go and sell it at an unfair price. And then the natural market will not correct itself. So therefore, we have to be a step ahead of that, and we send out the police against them. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Is it a certain amount of weight, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And then the merchant should weigh out a litra. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If you want a quarter litra, you should weigh out a quarter litra. So all this seems super obvious. Obviously, the merchant should be weighing out the amount that the customer wants. So the more I ask Michael Marshall, what does the rising mean to teach us? [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We give weights only up until this point, only to a quarter litra. There should be no weights that are smaller than a quarter litra. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Because once the weights get so small, it's difficult to tell small weights from one another. And anyone who's dishonest would be easily swindled their customers by weighing with the wrong weight. So therefore, they said that only have weights up until a quarter litra. Aye, what do you do, says the rush bomb, if you want to buy things that are less than a quarter litra. So then you have to use the weight of coins, coins on the other side. And therefore, that people were more aware of those. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] So what are we going to do? He's saying, why don't you just take a quarter litra and make three different measures for me? So he doesn't have the right to make the seller do that. Why? Because remember, every time you weigh, it's not-- how do you make sure it's precise and fair? So you always tilt. You give it a little bit of extra. So if you would want three quarters of a litra, then you're going to do a quarter of a litra three times. So they're going to end up being three tilts. So that's going to get the buyer three extra parts three times. So that's not fair that the seller should have to do that. Ella Schokolitra, rather the merchant weighs down the pan on the scale with a one litra weight. And when you have a litra on a boss, he puts the meat, which is three quarters, and a quarter litra on the same side. So therefore, it will only balance out one time. So you just add it. So you want a three quarter litra. So I put on the other side meat, which hopefully is weighing three quarters of a litra, and a quarter litra weight. And it should balance out. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] As I said, it's very similar to Voxman as a litra. And let's say the customer wanted 10 litras of merchandise. Love your relation. Say to the merchant, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] why don't you wait for me? Wait out for me one litra at a time, and then tilt it. Because then there will be 10 tilts. Ella, rather, Schokolitlokolitra, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] All of them. OK, now we're going to talk about the very specific ways of the scale we're made. So the scale is different parts to it. Obviously, it's got the two pans on the two sides. It's got a bean going across the middle. There's a vertical bar going down. But then there's something in the middle called the neffeshemos nayim, which holds it in place. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If it's one type of scale that hangs in the ceiling, it has to be suspended there at least three talcum from the ceiling. The reason is for this, we're talking about very large scales. We're talking about specifically when you're weighing things that are very heavy. And you don't want one end of the beam to be weighed down. The other end should go up and hit the ceiling. So there has to be at least three talcum that hangs down. It won't let our social talcum. And if it's for the other way, a standing scale, then it has to be raised above the ground to three talcum. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The beam and the strings, the scale has to be a total of 12 talcum in length. I don't know if the beam has to be. It says it has to be on four talcum across. And each string, the chain, has to be four talcum long, which is a total here of 12 talcum. So my shell is not going to end if it's-- if you're talking about the scale for wool, that wool merchants or glass wool merchants use to lead by average chains talcum. That has to be-- it could be less. Hey, can we hang in the air at least two talcum. The ceiling of the woman, our chains talcum. Or if it's a standing scale and two talcum from the ground. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The beam and the strings only have to be nine talcum in length. It could be a smaller scale. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The scale that a storekeeper or householder uses, that's even smaller. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] It's only suspended in the air. One talcum in the ceiling of the woman, our talcum. And the pants are raised on the ground. One talcum. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The beam and the strings of the scale have to be a total of only six talcum. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And if you're talking about a Smith who deal with very precious metals, this is even smaller. Essentially, our social bus is suspended in the air, only three fingers. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The woman, our social bus. And the pants are raised on the ground, three fingers. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The bride says, it doesn't know what is the size of the beam and the strings that are used in the scale for precious metals. So obviously, the first part of the bristle, which mentioned a much bigger thing as we three talcum up on the ground, and 12 talcum for the size of the beams and the strings, are talking about something much bigger. But it didn't identify what it's talking about. What type of scale were we referring to? Aloha kamaisa de mai. What was the first rule in apply to? She says in my top, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We were talking about big pieces of metal, heavy chunks of metal, that the smelters reduce iron space, copper smiths. So when you're talking about such big chunks of metal, that's where you have to make sure that these larger scales are used that won't possibly hit the ceiling. It says, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] I'm going to write a lot of practice teachers, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And just like we're talking about, in regard to the [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] that it's also to use scales that don't have these measurements, because it might lead to trickery, things bounce off the ceiling, it might appear balanced when it's not so and so forth. The same way we're talking about what's allowed to be used, but it's not allowed to be used in the laws of business, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] So do that, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] is in regard to susceptibility to [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] A lot is a functioning scale has the status of a cleat, as the status of a cleat could accept [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] But if it doesn't have these measurements, they're not susceptible to [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Why? Because they're not fit for use. It's not fit for use. So it's just like a broken cleat, broken cleat, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] So as a more what's the novelty, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] we see this in the mission of [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] And therefore it's talking about [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] So clearly we see that the two are dependent on one another. It says, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We're talking about in regard to the beam and the strings of the scale, the low tenon. That wasn't part of the mission. The mission was only talking about the rope from the top. So [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] the beams of the strings, if they're not of the right length, so the scale is not a clee. And therefore even if the rope would be a required length, nothing can be considered a macabola summa in its own right here. It says, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] When you're making a weight, don't make it. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Don't make it of [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] No medals. Metals, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Because they corrode it easy for them to lose some of their mass over time. Those are not affected. Those will stay the way that they are. Continues the [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We're talking about the way that they would level the measure. Remember, the way that we run a level, the measure, was done in certain places as opposed to the keeping measure. So the price was going to tell us the different ways by which it was used to level, what sort of implements? What sort of cake clea was used to level? [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Not sure at the last, don't make it from a coordination call. It's very light. And if it's very light, it doesn't go deep so down into the heap of the produce. Even after you're going to level it, it's going to be a little bit beyond the capacity. And the seller is going to lose out. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Those don't make it very heavy of a medal. They should go in and out, it's very heavy. Heavy one is going to penetrate too deep, which will be a loss to the buyer. Rather, [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] you should make it of olive wood. If it goes a walnut, it's going to stick more to shell or box wood. Wood sort of clea, that's the way to do it, where you level it, but not too deeply. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The level should not be made one of the sides wide and one of the sides narrow. What's going to happen is that the narrow level will penetrate the heap more deeper than the wide one. So if there are different widths, the merchant might use the wide and when he buys to make sure he gets overfilled. And the narrow end, when he sells to make sure that he does not give the buyer an overfill. So therefore, we're saying the two ends should be uniform, whatever the local custom is. But it should not have two different sides on it. Now, how exactly do you do the mice of leveling tonner up on it? It says in a brice. Oh, I'm sorry, the brices just continue talking. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] You shouldn't level the whole thing at once with one quick sweep. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If you do it all at once, rather than local, you have a locale. It's bad for the seller. It's good for the buyer. Quick sweep doesn't level it so effectively, so the buyer's going to get more lingual. I'm not. You shouldn't do it in small increments because then you're going to get it out more than you should. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] That ends up being bad for the buyer. It's good for the seller. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] I don't know if I should teach these halachos, and I don't know if I shouldn't teach these halachos. Why? [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The swindlers might learn from me how to go cheat. Maybe they didn't know to think about how to do these things, and now that I teach, it's also to do this thing. I've taught them a new tactic of how to cheat. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If I don't say about a shame, maybe the swindlers will say, "In the club, you can realize that we see that we don't talk about it, that the rabbis don't know they're not familiar with our activities, and they're just going to expand their seedful practices." Maybe it's better to talk about it so that the swindlers see that the rabbis are well aware of the ways to do it. Now the more I said, "So what's the outcome?" By the way, I'm wrong. I'm wrong. I'm wrong. I'm wrong. Ultimately, we see these things. We don't see these things. We don't see these things. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We do say, "My crumb. How are we seeing from this plastic?" [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] In other words, the Torah tells us what we should do. The righteous people follow and they become perfect, and the weaker people, they pervert it, and they do it. We see that it's good to publicize the law office of false weights and measures to assist the righteous in their effort of making sure that they don't cheat other people, even though in our economy, this will cause some more stumbling for the risham, but it is still ultimately the better thing. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] It says that [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] What is this referring to? How could a measure with this [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] don't have different measures of length, we meet these caca that refers to the measuring of land. Measuring of land is done with a rope, but however, a surveyor has to be very careful. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] We shouldn't use measure of one during the summer handout for the other during the winter, meaning if you're going to measure with a standard rope, it stretches in the damp winter and it shrinks during the dry summer. So if a surveyor is dividing the property to your partners, it has to make sure it's all doing in the same season, otherwise it will not be fair. So it's interesting because the surveyor himself, he's not gaining from this. It's already still saying that whatever judgment you do has ended up being very fair. So by me done, the way you measure out the land, with your rope, you have to do it in a fair way. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] The person should not bury his weights in salt. If you bury them in the weights in salt, that can cause a change in their weight, which would not be good. The risham explains that when they're submerged in salt, they become heavier and they weigh more. So if they weigh more, the buyer would stand to gain and defraud the seller by using weights that we're in salt. I'm a sewer or liquid measure, so that means when you're measuring liquid, there shouldn't be a froth. In other words, you shouldn't pour with force because when you're going to do that, it'll become frothier. And then the person would be defrauded. The froth makes it appear more full than it really is. So you have to be careful not to pour too much where it creates a froth in the liquid measure. Yeah, what do we see from this? The language here that we say about a messure, which means liquid, but it also is a meaning of a measure itself. A messure can mean a certain amount. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] That's a liquid measure, which measures 136th of a look, a very small amount. That could be the love tower. We see the Torah is very concerned about it. The Torah says we have to be careful for making a froth, even if it's going to be just being a messure. Of course, again, we're playing on the double meaning of the word messure, it can mean a liquid measure, but it's also a specific amount. So even if it only can make, on my new difference, you have to be careful not to cheap by making froth. Even in the amount of a messure, a messure, I have a whole matter of the hand. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If you're talking about bigger amounts of measures than you would that you could cheat with making a froth, a hand, half and third of a hand, quarter and look, a look, that's a look where it is. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] All these things. We have to be even more careful. It says, the [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] It's also to keep around an undersized or oversized measure in your house, meaning it's not only you shouldn't use it. The Torah says it shouldn't be by you. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] You can't have it at all. Even if you put it to use for something repulsive, I feel we always remind me, even if it's used as a urinal. It's a good dish. You might say, if it's set aside for something so disgusting, it's super unlikely to ever be used again as a measure. So maybe it should be allowed. So if I've said this, no, it's not true. Even if you are using it for something disgusting, it's also a bit cloud to have such a weight around. It says that tomorrow, we qualify this. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] It says that tomorrow, we qualify this. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] It's only said in a place where seals are not put to valid measures by the government officials. In other words, they just leave it to trust of people. So then you can't have these unfair measures, even if you're using it as urinal. As for Chasimi, but where there are official seals that are given by the government, to use them. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] If a customer wouldn't see the seal, they'll shock them whenever they take the merchandise. So therefore, it's muttering those places to keep in your possession a bad measuring cup that doesn't have a seal. As long as you're using it for something other than measuring, it's muttering because it's not going to lead to any deceit because if everyone normally has seals, that's the policy and then no buyer will take it without having the seal. [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] Even if it's in a place where the seals are not there, La Marnela, the La Marnela, it's only true where the government doesn't make spot checking to make sure that everything is done going to the [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH] if it's a place where they make spot checks to make sure that no one is cheating, less than bad. You don't have to be concerned. Because the whole issue doesn't apply. There's no room for concern that it's going to cheat. So as more of a low, it's not true even if this floor is our spot check, it's still also to keep in a false measure. It's even to make remade a splash, sometimes it might come, it might come that someone wants something right before a shot, but it's not going to be a struggle, the owner will take the wrong measure and measure with it. So therefore, even in a place where they do spot check, they're still not allowed to have an unjust sort of measure that is around, even if it's a place where they spot check. However, it does seem that the first point that we made, that if it's a place where you only do business, you only can talk business with measures that have seals on it by the government, then it would be allowed to have it even if it doesn't seem, even if it's off. And the reason is because no customer would buy it if it doesn't have the official seal.