Misasek is exempt from a Korban. If someone didn’t intend for the action at all, clearly that’s misasek. But if they intended for the overall action, but in a muttar format, and inadvertently performed it in an assur way, Abaye says it’s not misasek and there is an obligation to bring a Korban. Rava says it is still misasek.

There are 3 examples of this dispute. Someone intends the cut a detached vegetable and cuts an attached vegetable. Someone intends to throw 2 Amos in the street but ends up throwing 4 Amos. Someone intends to throw in a private domain but ends up throwing in a public domain.

There are 39 melochos. We won’t mention them each by name, (like the Mishna does) but we’ll rather analyze them with the gemara.

Sowing- זורע. Also planting trees in included in this as an av melocho applied to trees- נוטע. Similarly, grafting new trees is also tantamount to playing a new tree and is an av like נוטע. However, they can also be like sowing, and one would not have to bring a seperate Korban if they sowed and grafted. Pruning a tree is a toldah of planting.

חורש- plowing and any actions that loosen the soil and better ready it for planting/growth. In Israel, bc of the hard ground, they sometimes have to plow after sowing. Filling a hole with soil in a field would be choresh, and removing a mound of soil in a field could also be Choresh.

If someone digs in the house bc they need to use some dirt, they are not liable for building. Acc to r shimon they are exempt bc it’s a מלאכה שאין צריכה לגופה and acc to r Yehuda they are also exempt bc it is מקלקל- the melocho itself is destructive.

If someone prunes and also happens to need the wood, they are obligated 2 Korbanos. One for pruning- toldah of planting, and one for harvesting.

If someone harvests beets or aspasta, they are obligated 2 Korbanos- one for harvesting and one for planting, bc it is making new growth occur.

If someone throws clod of dirt at tree and detaches dates, they are exempt from melocho bc it is an irregular way to detach dates.

מעמר- gathering. If someone gathers together items that grow form the ground in their place of growth, they are doing a melocho.