Our perek is called כלל גדול- the big rule. We refer to it as a big rule bc other rules that appear in mishanyos are not as broad as hilchos Shabbos that can apply to plants even detached from the ground. There is another כלל גדול in maseches sheviis bc the laws of Shemita are broader than the rule of maaser, as shemita applies even to animal food. Some have text of כלל גדול by maaser bc its laws are broader than the rule of פאה, as maaser applies even to figs and vegetables.

Figs ripen few by few and not all at the same time, and are therefore excluded from פאה. Vegetables are excluded from פאה bc they perish quickly.

If someone forgets about the essence of Shabbos, meaning they once knew about Shabbos but now they forget completely about the concept and perform many melochos on many Shabbosim, they are obligated to bring just one Korban Chatas for all of the transgressions.

If someone knows about the concept of Shabbos but loses track of the day of the week and doesn’t realize it is Shabbos, one Korban suffices per week even if they did various types of melochos during the day.

If someone knows about Shabbos and that it is Shabbos, but forgets that certain actions are forbidden, they must bring seperate Korabn Chatas for each category of the melochos performed.

If someone does a toldah (subcategory of the 39 melochos) they bring a Chatas. But for two Toldos of the same category, one Chatas suffices.

If someone never knew about Shabbos, like a תינוק שנשבה, it is a dispute if they are obligated to bring a Chatas for their transgressions. Acc to rav and shmuel, one is obligated to bring a Chatas, but r Yochanan and reish lakish say the person is exempt from a Korban bc they had no way of knowing and a Korban is only for Shogeg that is guilty on some level.

This dispute about a תינוק שנשבה is really a dispute between מונבז and r akiva. Munbaz makes a Torah comparison between shogeg and meizid and says jsut as intentional sins have awareness of wrongdoing while they are performed, so too Shogeg is only when someone performs the an act with some awareness of sin. (They are “Shogeg” bc they are not aware of the full severity of sin but they are absolved in they don’t know of the sin at all)