Balsam oil can be dangerous with fire, as evident in the story with the mother in law who hated for daughter in law and had adorn herself in balsam oil and then get goes to fire. She burned.

Tevel tamei (before grain is tithed) it is forbidden to burn it for fuel. Source for this din is based on the source that Terumah tamei can be burned. The source was HaShem said to Aron I have you 2 terumos (Tahor and Tamei) and so we compare the two. Jsut as Tahor Terumah one cannot enjoy its benefit (eating) until it is removed and tithed, so good tamei Terumah one cannot enjoy its benefit of burning until it is removed and tithed.

We prefer lighting with oil extracted from fruits and not oil extracted from trees. They don’t light well.

R tarfon holds only olive oil is acceptable for Shabbos candles. Other tanaaim vehemently disagree claiming that olive oil is a luxury not available to everyone.

בגד is a term for garment by laws of accepting tumah- like tumah from a Rodent or tzaras. The minimum size for a בגד is 3x3 fingers width. This seems like a scrap most would discard, but a poor person may use it and it’s therefore accepting of tumah.

R Shimon Ben Elazar says this Halacha of 3x3 fingers is not appliacable to plants except flax, mending that only flax is a plant that can make a בגד of 3x3 fingers. Other materials (like cotton) cannot and would not accept tumah. There is a dispute in the gemara if a larger בגד of 3x3 tefachim from other materials is also excluded or not in this opinion.

R yishmael categorically holds only wool or linen can make a בגד and no other materials, irrespective of size.

By the laws of tzaraas, the Torah says not only are finsihed weaves accepting of tumah but even the designated threads can accept tumah- the שתי and ערב- warp and the woof.