We are still trying to figure out why one is liable in the mishna for taking out or placing in a hand. A hand is not 4x4 tefachim and we assume we need 4x4 tefachim significance for akira and hanacha. The genara attempts to say our mishna is dealing with someone holding a 4x4 basket in his hand, or dealing with someone whose hand is within 3 tefachim of the ground, (someone bowing, standing in a ditch, or a midget) but these solutions are not accepted. Ultimately, the answer is that a persons hand is significant in its own right as if it was 4x4 and that is why one is liable for doing akira/hanacha with a hand.

Someone throws an item to a different domain- if the receiver stood in place and it landed in his hand, the thrower is liable bc we he did the hanacha is his friend hand, but if the receiver moved to catch the item, the receiver is the one who performed the hanacha and they are therefore both exempt.

If one person throws something form one domain (akira) then runs to the other domain and catches his own throw (hanacha) is he liable? He’s done both an akira and hanacha but not fluid motion and connection between his akira and hanacha? Unresolved.

One who scoops out rainwater from a puddle has done an akira to the water. Even though the water was floating on other water, (so the argument could be made it was not at “rest” and therefore no akira) we say the whole puddle in one big “item” that is all at rest.

A walnut floating in water is not at rest and no akira if one picks it up. A walnut in a cup that is floating on water is a doubt, bc on the one hand the walnut isn’t moving but the cup is.

Oil floating on top of wine- if one picks up the oil it is a tannic dispute if that’s an akira. The dispute is whether the oil is viewed as seperate entity from the wine( therefore not at rest and no akira) or one big entity (at rest=akira)

One is only liable for melacha of transfer if the original akira is done with intent to transfer the item out of the domain. If one wasn’t planning on transferring the item out of the domain when the akira is done, even if they subsequently change their mind, they still are not liable for transfer.