One should be careful not to use besamim from a non Jew after Shabbos bc besamim were often used for idolatry and it is forbidden to benefit from them.

One cannot recite bracha on candle after Shabbos from fire that a non Jew lit on Shabbos, but one may use a candle that was lit permissibly on Shabbos for a sick person. Similarly, one may use a candle lit before Shabbos that was going the whole Shabbos.

Halachically, flames are viewed as constantly being renewed. Technically, after a small time has passed after Shabbos, one should be allowed to make bracha on candle that was lit on Shabbos bc now there is new part of the flame that was not lit on Shabbos. However, the Rabbis do not let that lest one make the bracha when it is still the first pillar of flame. Moreover, the Rabbis made one single decree that forbids using any flame lit by a non Jew that originated in the hands of a non Jew. In contrast, a Jew was involved in any way (either he lit the new flame from a non Jew's flame or the non-Jew lit the flame from a Jew's flame,) the bracha may be recited.

If one sees fire and they don't know if is a Jew's flame or non- Jews flame, they go after the majority of flames in the city.

One can only say bracha on the fire that is made to illuminate but not fire that is made for cooking or warming. One can usually tell by how strong the fire is whether it is made for light or not. In a beis midrash, there are circumstances that they light a candle in honor of a prominent person and that light cannot be used for bracha bc it is not for light. If however, there is a Shamash who lives in the shul and the moon is not strong that night, we can assume the light was lit for illumination as well.

When candle is brought to many people in beis midrash, beis hillel says one person recites the bracha on everyones behalf (when many people do mitzvah together it is more honor to Hashem) but Beis Shammai says they should each do bracha to themselves to limit interruption from studies. Some also had practice not to give someone a blessing if they'd sneeze in the beis midrash not to interrupt studies.

Besamim used to remove bad odors cannot be used for bracha. Only besamim made to smell for their good smell may be used. Fragrance in bathrooms cannot be used. Perfume for clothing cannot be used. Or besamim used for sorcery. But besamim in a store can have bracha bc the storeowner wants ppl to smell so that they will end up buying.

How close must a person be to candle to make a bracha? It is a dispute. Some say as long as it is strong candle that illuminates may can make bracha even from afar, while others counter that one must be actually very close to candle in order to recite the bracha. Also, the flame itself must be visible (not around a corner for example)

One does not have to search for a bracha to recite the brachia on if they don't have one.

Beis Hillel say that it is posssible to bentsh in a different place than where one ate. This is only if they left the first place and forgot to bench, but if they intentionally left without benching, they must return to the original spot. There stories in the Gemara about people who went back for benching and were greatly rewarded.

For a large meal, one has 72 minutes to bench. For a small meal, it is as long as he is thirst from the food. However, there is an opinion in the Gemara that it depends on whether he is still hungry (and that may be even after 72 minutes )

There is a dispute who gets greater reward- the one who recites the bracha or the one who answers amen.

We don't answer amen when children are learning brachos but we would answer amen to brachos they make over the Haftorah in shul. (a legitimate bracha)

One should recite brachos with clean hands.