Someone covered from the hips down can read the Shema, but cannot daven Shmone Esrei, (standing if front of God requires covering ones' heart)

Someone who forgot to take off their Tefilliin before going to bathroom, should cover them while defecating, and leave the bathroom after the first discharge.

Excrement on one's flesh (covered and not smelling) or if one's hand is in bathroom airspace, there is a dispute if he can say Shema. Rav Huna says it's ok bc only nose and mouth are limbs involved in saying Shema, but Rav Chisda says it's not ok bc all limbs are involved in Sheva.

A bad smell formreal excrement- Rav Huna says its enough to distance 4 amos from the excrement but Rav Chisda says you have to distance 4 amos from where the smell ends.

Most animal excrement is not a problem for Shema. But for pigs and chickens-there is a problem- but there is a dispute if it's the excrement alone or only when it is with hides.

Bad smell with no excrement (someone else's flatulence)- for Torah it is ok to learn but not for Shema

Passing excrement- Abaye says it ok to say Shema bc the "camp" is still clean but Rav says it is no good.

Mouth of pig is always like passing excrement even if it just came out of a river

Doubt of excrement is forbidden but doubt of urine is ok, bc from the Torah only in front of the steam itself is forbidden and its all from the Rabbis who restrict urine that is still moist

There is a dispute if urine is make it forbidden to say Shema only while it still moist or even as long as its trace is noticeable. For excrement- there is a dispute if once the surface becomes crusted it is still a problem. If it crumbles through when it rolls, it certainly is ok.

One's head cannot be exposed to the ervah when reciting SHema. There is a dispute regarding other limbs being exposed to the ervah, like the heart or the heel. A heel touching the ervah is a dispute.

A clear covering of ervah is still a problem bc it can be seen but a clear covering of excrement is ok bc it is covered.

Excrement covered by one's shoe is ok but if its stuck on one's shoe that is a question

Even non -Jews nakedness is a problem

It is easier to nullify urine by first placing water before the urine comes in

A empty pale that has absorbed excrement is also a problem. There is a dispute if being on the other side of a bed is acceptable.

A pale under a bed is ok- def if the bottom of the bed is under 3 tefachim from the ground. Between 3-10 is unclear and 10 is certainly not considered covered.

One cannot have relations in a room with a Sefer unless it is double covered.