Gemara Markings Daf Yomi
Bava Metzia 40
Me ma'am would Allah if 11 lines down at the new Mishnah. Mafke pere sai tzil habeire. Let's say I deposit some produce with my friend. Harese yitzi kastrainis. When he gives it back to me, he can deduct that which is the standard amount to be the loss and we'll see what the case is. My underline l'chitin l'uriz, if I had deposited wheat or let's call 'uriz rice' or that's probably not rice, something else we'll just call it 'uriz'. So tisha katsawikav in the core. He would be able to deduct for every core. I gave him nine half calves which is essentially two and a half percent. He'd only have to return to me 97.5% of what I gave him. I underline l'chitin l'uriz, for barley or for dauhan, some sort of maybe millet. Tisha kaven l'chor, nine half reach core which is a ratio of one to twenty or five percent. He can give back 95% so if I gave him, I don't know, 100 kilos he would give him back 95 kilos, l'chusmen, it might be, that's a weight. It might be also a bulk measurement but I think it's a weight. The kusmen was there, 'pishtan' for spelt or for flax seeds, shalish sa'in l'chor, three sa'in for a core, there's thirty sa'in a core so it's basically three for thirty, that means one tensi, gave either of those, the one who gives back is back 90% of what was deposited and it says a misha kulafiyyah, meat of a kulafiyyah is mine, it all depends on, that goes for each core, it's not like that's the total amount, it's for each core and it also depends on how long it was deposited, was it a year, this is a yearly depreciation and therefore it's like two or three years later, you would do, it would be a greater amount. Amrabiyyah Qmanuri, a boxerabiyyah Qmanuri, he says, "Vikimah ikbizlahm lakhbar" and like what difference does it make to the rats or to the mice, vallei, oyuklin, they'll eat, bein, bein, bein, miharbe, bein, mikimah where there's a lot of stuff there, a little stuff, they'll basically eat the same amount. Vallei, ain, oyuklin, you do not deduct, the one who had somebody else's produce, deposited by him, would not deduct, alle lakhor echad bilvad for one core, so even if they had deposited 2, 3, 4, 5, core by him, it's only this deduction for one core, finished. Ribiyyahudawibax, ain miharbe, he says, "Inhisa mida miruba", let's say there was an enormous amount deposited by him, I don't know, like, 10 core, maybe, ain, miharbe, is lakhastrai nice, then he would not, the one who had deposited by him when he was returning it, deduct those losses, bein, neshim, moysiras, because we'll see why, but moysiras, they are more, they increase, we know there might be a greater, there's probably not weight, but even a greater weight, but definitely a greater bulk when something has got a little moysir in it, as opposed to when it's bone dry, okay, that's the Mishnah, says the Gomara, ayuriz, when you're dealing with ayuriz, tuvah, khasir, it's said that the Mishnah is only two and a half percent loss for ayuriz, but it's a lot more than that, so amravabra khanrabiyyahanan ba ayuriz, khaluf shanu, we're talking about peeled ayuriz, that there's two and a half percent, but if it's our, that there's a two and a half percent loss, but indeed if it's unpeeled, there would be a much greater loss, probably because the husk dries up and falls off, and that is a not insignificant part of the bulk, the kusmanal isarapishtan, Gomosai in the core, for spelt, and flaxseeds, three sub-record, like the one-tenth, amrabiyyahananabiyyah, zarapishtan, when we're talking about the flaxseeds here, we're talking big div oil in shanu, that's with their husks, that's why when it's returned and the husks already dried up, you can return only, the only, the one who had it deposit by him only has to return 90 percent of the bulk that was given to him, tandami hakli, we have a bracelet also, bears out this point, it goes almost two lines till the two dots, the kusmen ule zara, pissed on biggie, volun, I underline biggie, volun, when you're dealing with spelt or flaxseeds in their husks, ule ira shahinai colof, or when you're dealing with a rice that's not colof, then shlisha saw in the core of the ratio is one to ten, so it's deposited, ten units, you give back nine, let me just set a colof here, it all depends on how much tana, we have a little bracelet that elaborates on that, it goes to the end of the line, heim lechol core of a cord, this is a ratio per core, the heim lechol shan of a shan, it's also a per-year ratio, so if you have two core, it's twice as much, three core, or three times as much, and it's also a yearly rate, so if it's deposited for two, three years, each year, that's how much it less is given back, amrabiyacham and nuri, tanya we have a bracelet, it goes about a line and a half, amralloy, they said to rebi yokhanan, harbe ayiv deus mehen, harbe miss pas res mehen, rebe yokhan menuri said, well, how much can like the rats eat at the end of the day, they said back to him, well, there's a lot that gets ruined of the peros, not all of them are still good, and also, you know, a lot of them get scattered sort of in such a way that they cannot be retrieved, tana we have another little bracelet, also about a line and a half, this whole thing that, if somebody to deposit it, peros by his buddy, he comes back to get it, there's like, you don't give the whole amount, that's, here we're going to qualify, it'll make a lot of sense now, when is that, that's Bishirvan and peros of, when, let's say he deposited, I don't know, 20 pounds of flour, well, he mixed that 20 pounds of flour into his flour, of all yikulai karenzovis, if, when he brought his 20 pounds of flour, I don't know, in some sort of receptacle, there was a designated little corner for his stuff, a milai raishikul fanakha, then clearly over there, just to say, take your stuff back, whether it's the exact same amount, whether it's less than it makes no difference, because it was never mixed together, that's the end of the bracelet, the kaburra, though, has a question, but here you're running peros, am I happy, well, like, so what if you mix it together with your peros, you know, he gave you 20 pounds, let's see, lady, day, kamahavian, so, like, why don't you see how much you have there, so if she's 20 pounds of his stuff, and you mix it into 20 pounds of your stuff, then you've given back whatever he's entitled to, well, the problem is, been mis-topic, man, you've been using that as your supply of chitin, okay, well, then, we'll want to keep, just look back at how much you use a lexicami estapek, well, because you weren't keeping track, till y'all become a estapek, and therefore, so it was, like, in a big receptacle, you've been using it, because you had your stuff in there, y'all said his stuff in there, and, like, you don't know, so you gave him back based on these ratios. Mishtit said, "Rebud al-i-mer im hai-sa, kamah mida miruba," so, "Rebud" said, "if it's a big amount, then you don't take the hystrinus, amoravah bakhana abyaychanan asara kurin, 10 kur is considered a big amount. Tananami haki, we have a little brissa, five words, that brings out this point, kamah mida miruba asara kurin, 10 kur. Tananami Taanakimayto of Naqman, there was a brissa, say, or over, who said the following two-line brissa to Rav Naqman. Bed meds vermurim, when is that? That we go according to the mission, that you take off these percentages, depending on how many years have passed, and what the item is, that's shemodad-laime-taykh-garnoy, that's where the original measuring of how much it was was done by the threshing flourier, the hystir-lai, and it's return-laime-taykh-raenoy at the same sort of time of year, the same place of al-mud-laime-taykh-garnoy. If it was measured out during the threshing time, during the harvesting time, during the processing time, the hystir-laime-taykh-baesai, and it's being returned from stuff that the fellow has in his own home. Inuyech-lai chastrinas, then there is no deduction for these potential losses, because they are larger. Amar-lai. So that was the price it was set over to Rovnachmen. Rovnachmen said to the prices say over one second. We're talking about outright fools, and idiots, and morons, diavi bikhaile-raba. They'll deposit their stuff with somebody using a larger measure, the shakli bikhaile-zut, and they'll take it back using a smaller measure? Who does that? So the Gomor explains. Dilma, when it says mitaykh-grai-nai, what it means is that time of year. Dilma bi yemayisha-gairin ka-amris, and we do a hakhi-kamris. So we re-read the two lines and exhausts, and it starts here. I put the right angles in. Be med-varmamurim. When is it that you have these percentages deducted when the person that had deposited by him is giving it back to the owner. Shemah-dulai. That's where it was measured out. Bi yemayisha-gairin. I squeal on the line. Bi yemayisha-gairin. Let's call that the dry time. Oh, June, July, the Hixalabimayisha-gairin. And it was returned during the Mysha-gairin. However, of al-Mah-dulabimayisha-gairin, let's it was measured out during the summertime when everything was very dry. The Hixalabimayisha-gashamim, and it was returned in the middle of December, January during the rainy season, where it's much more humid, there's much more moisture in the air. There's much more moisture for the grain to absorb. Einayi-yayisha-gairin. Then when it's returned, the return, there's no deduction at all. Bi yemayisha-mayisha-gairin is because the nature of these things is during the rainy winter season, they expand a little bit because of the moisture. That's the end of the re-reading. Amu-le-le-re-pappala-bai-yayisha-gairin. You're telling me that they expand a little bit in the wintertime-yem-kain-lifka-kada. Why don't we say if you have a receptacle, which you packed full, let's say, of grain in July, come December, January, they should burst because of the stuff is getting bigger. Havei-u-ve-de, once actually happened, Upakakada and the jug burst because of the increased pressure. Ybai-seim, alternatively, that no, it wouldn't. This is a concept I think of like we have nowadays a vacuum pack to get your Turkish coffee vacuum packed. It's packed together so tightly. The vacuum does that. It pulls out all the air. Ybai-seim is the pressure, because it's under pressure, it will not expand. So as the mission of Yay-seim, if somebody deposited a wine, you give them back five, six, you take up one six, then review. Ybai-seim is giving back one fifth. No, one fifth is what's taken off. You give the person back four fifths. So he either gets back about 83% or about 80%. Kama, Ybai-seim is like shalay-shalay-lug-n-shim in the mea. And if it's oil that was deposited by you, you give him back 97%. You take off three lug. And what's that three lug that you're taking off, giving him less back? Kollum, lug, Umek-se-schmarim. It's one and a half lug. One half percent is the sediment. A lug, Umek-se-bela is the absorption that the barrels absorb of the oil. Kama, Ybai-seim is Zuka. Let's say the oil was pure oil. Ybai-se-schmarim, then you do not deduct for the drags, because they weren't on. Ybai-seim, haiyu-kahn-kahn-mishanim. And if the receptacles, the containers were old ones, like they had already pre-absorbed, whatever they didn't absorb, anyway, it's like Bella. You also do not subtract any for absorption, because there was none. Kama, ybai-meir. It's bakshab-yud, again. Af-ha-moye-seir. Up until now, I think we've been talking about somebody who has something and deposits it with somebody else. Here we're now talking about somebody who's selling Af-ha-moye-seir-schmarim is Zuka-kle-kle-kle-vera. If he sells pure oil to his friend, Kollum-yse-schmarim during the rest of the year, Haraiz-eir, the purchaser of the Leikeach, Mikab-la-lav, accepts upon himself Lugum-yse-schmarim, le-me-yah. One-lug-and-a-half per hundred, so one-and-a-half percent of the total. Says the Gomara. Velopli-yud is no makhlokas between the Tanakama and Rebu. Huda-marki, Asri-o-marki, Asri-e. Each one is saying according to what the practice was in their place. Kollum-yse-re-demar in the place of the Tanakama. Khafu-be-kira, they used to line the inside of the barrels with a type of wax-fil-y mites-it-fae, and it wouldn't therefore absorb much. So you wouldn't really have much absorption of the oil into the inside of the receptacle. However, but Asri-demar in Rebu-huda's place, Khafu-be-kufra, they would use some sort of pitch or tar, Umay-it-s-t-fae, and it would absorb more. Kama-yib-yse-m, alternatively, mishum-garghishta. The garghishta is the type of earth or clay that the barrels were made from. Ha-mites-it-fae, some absorbs more. Va-ha-loi-mites-it-fae, and some doesn't absorb as much. Period. Basri-dravya-huda, here's a little mysa. So in Revu-huda's place, Ramu, they would put Arbai-n-utamni-kuzi-be-dana. The typical dana, the typical barrel would hold 48 measures. I think it's a little like a cup, a big cup, about 48 cups. When I say a cup, I don't mean like eight fluid ounces, whatever the kuzo was. Anyway, 48 kuzas for each dana. Now, how much did a dana, a barrel of oil cell for? Ozzledana-be-she-suzi for six dollars. Kama-para-sravya-huda. So Revu-huda sold Shisha-she-suzi. He would sell six cups worth for a-zuz. Now, he bought 48 cups worth for six-zuz, and he sold six cups worth for a-zuz. So let's see if there's six and there's 48 cups in the dana. So he would sell dal Tilson-vishisa-be-she-suzi. So he would, you have to take off and I'm going to figure out what his his profit margin is here. So you take off Tilsen-Mishisa 36, Pashulay, Trasar, and you're left with, well, what's 48 minus 36? 12. Okay, now there was also, we said, 1/6 of the oil got absorbed into the walls of the receptacle, Dal Temmannia. So out of 48, 1/6 would be 8. Shisuse, that's the 1/6 that would be absorbed. Pashulahu, and I guess the profit margin was Arba. 4 out of 48 are a profit margin of 1/12. I don't know about 8%, 8 points, something percent that would be the profit margin. 1/12. Well, 1 second, don't we know that when you're making profit, you're allowed to make up to 1/6 profit and not more Vamashmul, Hamistakir, one who wants to profit off buying and selling Al Yistakir, Yay sir, Al Shisuse. It can't be more than 1/6, but if it's exactly a six or less, that's okay. So why was the only profiting 1/12 that you could profit up to 1/6? Ika Gulfu, Schmaria, the Gomara clarifies that you have the Gulfuis. His additional profit was the empty barrels and the sediment at the bottom. Well, 1 second, Ika Hochi, an officially Fami Shisuse, if that's the case, then his profit margin would be greater than a 1/6, which you're not supposed to do. Well, no, because Ika Tarachayu to Mebarza Naysa, there were other expenses. In other words, we're taking all the various expenses into account. There was the effort involved in the time and the travel, as well as the Mebarza Naysa, which is the fee you'd have to pay to the person who put the tap in the barrel. It was like a profession in those days. Obviously, you don't want to have a non-professional put the tap in the barrel, then it could start leaking, and that would be terrible. And altogether, that basically came to a 1/6 profit margin. The mission had said Imha Yashaman Mizukkak in the Itzele Schmarim. If it was pure oil, then there's no deduction for the Schmarim 1/2 percent. And we had also said the mission that if they're old barrels, they basically already absorbed, then there's no deduction for the absorption. "Asks the Kamurah Ha'yafshur de Laybala." Well, what do you mean there's no deduction? It's impossible that it wouldn't absorb anything. Well, it's actually not impossible. Mebarza Naysa, Mizukfafin, Shainu, were talking about where they had been lined with some sort of tar or pitch or waterproofing. Abayyam Rafi Lataymah, belei Mizukfafin, you could even say where they were not. The barrels lined with a pitch cave on the tone tone. Once the barrel had absorbed, everything it can, that's basically no more can be absorbed into the container, the jug. "Asks the Mizukfafin, Shainu, Mizukfafin, Mizukfafin, Mizukfafin, Reza, Shainu, Reza, Mikabalov, Lulu, Mizukfafin, Shmarim, Amla, Mayyam." Amara Ba'yay. I circled a Ba'yay. He's going to give us quite a lengthy analysis of Shida Shabihud and Shida Sakhamib. And about 17 lines down or so, last words in line are of Papa. I circled rough Papa. He's going to respond. So, says a Ba'yay. Kishitimsa Leimer, Mitsui, when you squeeze out the essence of what's going on over here in the Mishnah. La Difu Wuhudah, according to Wuhudah, said Mutulareh Shmarim, it would be allowed. Let's say you have a container. And at the time of the sale, all of the ikis have settled to the bottom. You'd be allowed to sort of mix it all up when you're selling it to a customer, whereas the Difu khachamim, it would usher La Rishmarim to do that would be forbidden. Now, let's go over each side, Colin. La Difu Wuhudah, double underland of Difu Wuhudah, and two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, ahh, thirteen or fourteen lines later at the end. The line is as the Difu khachamim, ahh, double underland of Difu khachamim. So, let's analyze each side. According to Rabbi Yuhudah, Abayyay just told us it would be Mutulareh Shmarim, if I'm a seller, and I'm about to sell some of my... I can mix up what's in the barrel there and then sell it. Fahainu Taima de Mikabal, and this is the reason that the person who's going to receive the 98.5% will take it. D'amalay for the seller can say, hey, listen, buddy, Ibre Le Ruvilach, Mi Le Ruvilach, if I wanted to, like, five seconds before you asked for this stuff, to mix up what's in the barrel, would I not have been allowed to? Hashdanami kabal. So, listen, if I only give you your paying for 100, I'm giving you 98.5 units, accept it. Kama, well, one second, Valé Malay. Why wouldn't the buyer be able to say back to the seller? Ibre Le, if you were to mix in the Shmarim, Have Misdavein Li, then that would have been fiscally sensible for me. We're assuming that this fellow who's buying all this stuff has probably got his own store that he sells a little units of it, and therefore he would have been able to sell like that also. Havere Hashdan, Mai Yavidli. Like, what would I possibly do, theoretically, if you gave me, like, a clump of, I don't know, a little and a half of Shmarim. Le Hu de Le Misdaveinli, because on its own, I can't sell. Basically, I can sell it when it's mixed in, but if it's on its own, it's not worth anything to me. Well, the more explains to a Balabayis Eskin, and we're not talking about a, like, a retailer who's got a store, but we're actually talking about just an individual who's got his house, the Balabas de Nihale Bitzila. He would much prefer to only get 98.5% of what he, what he, yes, 98% of what he paid for, because he wants the pure oil. He doesn't need the Shmarim. Valle Malay, well, one second, why wouldn't he be able to say to him, "Me de Le Arvis lee?" Achliachles lee. If I'm paying you for, you know, X number of units, this much money, then, well, you didn't mix it up, so just give me the pure stuff. Well, this would be Rabbi Huda the Tannul Atame. According to reasoning, we have heard him say, "I'll swear to Lace Leimah, he doesn't hold of this," that what a person does shows that he was Mihale Ditzanan, like we see in the following Mishnah, which is a Mishnah of Abastra. It goes for five lines and starts here, the quote of the Mishnah. We box it off. Here we go. When you have a person who sells oxen, they often are sold together in groups of two with the yoke, which kind of connects the two. So Makhalah is that semed, if you have a cell in his soul in the yoke, Leimah Kholasa-Bakr, that does not come with the oxen, or Makhalah Sa-Bakr, if you sell the oxen, Leimah Kholasa, semed, he does not normally get the yoke. Rabbi Iehuda, who he box-died mehr, Hadam in my dean, well, it's a pain. Just look at how much money was paid for this, and Kate Saad, how so? Well, Ammar Leib. If the purchaser says, "Hey, sir, Makhalid smidkhabimasaim zuz," you sell me your semed for 200 zuz. Hadam in your duel, like everyone knows she ain't had semedimasaim zuz. It's like that's way too much money for it, and therefore we do not assume that the purchaser was Makhalah extra money, the chammaimim? No, no. Ina Damimrayah, that's not going to be a proof, like if they were specific in what was being bought and sold fine, but otherwise that doesn't shed any light. That's the end of the snake source. Ladivir kachamim, now we go to the chammaim, who Abaya told us that it would be forbidden to mix in the shmarim, before you measured out for the person who just purchased it. Asala or shmarim would be forbidden behind utaima, and this is the reason to low mikabel, that the one who's receiving it, is not going to have to take 98.5% of what he paid for. Damalay, because he, the purchaser, can say, 'ee bois le aruvi, me avi sharlach'. If you wanted to mix it up like a moment before you measured out for me, would you be allowed to? You're not allowed to. Hashanami, low mikabel, and you know what? Therefore, I am not going to accept 98.5%. I paid, I want 100% of what I paid for. That is Rabaya's analysis. Amalay Rapapa, we have circles of Rapapa, Rapapa says to Abaya, Adiraba, quite to the contrary, Ipra mistabra, the opposite seems to make more sense. And here is Rapapa's analysis, Colin. Le d'Iveric chachamim, I double-and on the chachamom, according to the chachamom, their opinion seems to indicate that they would say 'mutulareish' from it, would be permissible for the seller to mix back in the sediment right before he measures it out for the purchaser. Vahainu time adalay mikabel, and here's the reason why the purchaser is not necessarily going to have to accept, only getting 98.5%. Damalay, he, the purchaser, can say to the seller, "Well listen, me de la'arvisli, you didn't mix it up before, achulliachli, that's pretty clear that you were my chalit to me. Kama, le d'Iverabihudah, continues Rapapa, I don't really know, Rabihudah." According to Rabihudah, also a lot of shmaram. Oh no, you're not allowed as the seller to mix in the shmaram. Vahainu time adalay mikabel, and this is the reason why the fellow who is going to receive his 98.5% takes it. Damalay, because the seller can say to him, "Hey, listen buddy, e-boyliarvis, loysharili, l'arvisliachli, if I wanted to mix in the sediment, I couldn't do that. Kebuli loi mikabelis, and now you tell me that you're not going to accept the 98.5%. What do you think I get my profit margin from? Would you call somebody who buys an item and sells it for the exact same amount, a good businessman? Zavun vizavun, one who buys and turns around and sells the same thing without a profit." Tana, you have a little brice. It goes all of five words. I boxed it off. I call this the number one brice, and it says whether you are a purchaser or a depositor, you have to also take into account the pick-a-team rush. It calls it the cellulose agarina, not the stuff that sinks to the bottom. This is the stuff that kind of floats to the top, the residue, the ikis, and if you purchase oil, you also have to take a little bit of those ikis. Now, my lip pick-a-team, what is that? E-lama, I squiggle it on the e-lama, and two lines later, near the end of the line is an yellow, we squiggle underline that. E-lama kihaki, if you want to to say it's just like like a lame kabell pet cat team just like a person doesn't have to accept the like the icky's floating at the top. Mafgid so to someone who deposited not me lame kabell pet cat team. Well lema lay let the one who was watching this guy's oil say back to him. Well what am I supposed to do with your icky's pet cat takka my aviloho. Ella. So I squiggled in on the Ella kihihih. It's the other way. Just like a Mafgid somebody who deposited oil with another person and then comes to get it has to take his oil with his pet cat team back. McCallum pet cat team. Le kihihihih. No me so to a purchaser McCabell pet cat team. Okay. It seems to be saying then a le kihihih if you purchase oil you have to understand you might have these icky's floating at the top. Really. Umi McCallum pet cat team does a purchaser have to accept the oil with these icky's floating on the top. The hatanya with a brice. This goes for just over two lines and we'll call it the number two brice. And it seems to indicate otherwise. Rabbi Houdon Emer. Loy Amru Shemin Ahor. They didn't say when it came to muddled. I guess it would be maybe oil with icky's that the loss for muddled oil Ella le muy kihihih. That only that has to be taken by the seller Bill Vad. Sharay le kihihih. Because the truth is that the purchaser McCabell love he already accepts by himself Loy Amru Shemin. One and a half percent shmarim of drags below pick a team without the icky's floating at the top. Okay. And therefore you'd have to give him like pure oil without the icky's floating on top. So which way is it? Well says that more it depends. Laikasha colon with us. We will conclude ha ice squiggling around the word ha the first little five word brice that says that the purchaser gets the pick a team is the yoy of Lee Zuzi bitteschre. That's where the purchaser paid money for this commodity in Tishre in the we'll call it the low season in September, October. The kashakomune Ben Nissan and he is collecting it though in the high season. We'll call it maybe in April Kimida de Tishre along with whatever the per unit price was in Tishre time. Which is basically cheaper. And that's why he has to accept it with the pick a team. Whereas comma ha ha I squeeze one on this word ha this would be the second today. Exhaust the one that was just like two, three lines ago is the yoy of Lee Zuzi bitteschre is actually paying the higher per unit price in April. The kashakomune bitteschre and collecting it in Nissan Kimida de Tishre and therefore basically he's paying the higher rate. He's entitled to get it without the pick a team. Adkad.