RockneCAST

A Review of War of 1812 in Wisconsin: The Battle of Prairie Du Chine (#268, 27 Nov. 2024)

Just finished reading the War of 1812: The Battle for Prairie Du Chien by Mary Antoine. Loved this book!

Summary

This episode delves into the War of 1812 in Wisconsin, focusing on the Battle of Prairie du Chien and its historical significance. The Rockne discusses key figures such as Tecumseh, William Clark, and Zebulon Pike, and explores the background of the Upper Midwest leading up to the war. The conversation highlights the alliances formed between indigenous peoples and the British.

Chapters

00:00 Introduction to the War of 1812 in Wisconsin

04:49 Background of the Upper Midwest and Key Figures

09:55 Tecumseh and Indigenous Alliances

19:54 The War of 1812: Causes and Consequences

30:06 The Battle of Prairie du Chien

34:48 Conclusion and Reflections on Historical Significance

Duration:: 40m
Broadcast on:: 29 Nov 2024
Audio Format:: other

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A three-part reunion special streaming December 12th only on Peacock. Hey guys for this episode we're going to cover the War of 1812 in Wisconsin. The Battle for Prairie du Scene which is a book by Mary, Elise and Twan. Guys this was such a good book. I hope you get the opportunity to read it. I'm going to do a deep dive into some parts of the book but let me just kind of cover what we're going to discuss in this podcast. I hope at the end of this your interest is intrigued. You'll visit some of these sites and you'll buy this very fabulous book. We're going to cover the Treaty in Paris in terms of what the boundary of the United States was after the Treaty of Paris in 1783. We're going to cover a little bit about the milieu of the upper Midwest between 1783. That's the end of the American Revolutionary War in the War of 1812. We're going to talk a little bit about Tecungsa, the Battle of Tippecanoe and why it's important to Prairie du Scene. We're going to discuss William Clark. Yes, William Clark, you know of Lewis and Clark was actually in Prairie du Scene just before the battle. The Prairie du Scene, we're going to cover Zebulon Pike. Zebulon Pike, you know he's the guy that founded Pike's Peak in Colorado. You didn't find it but it's named after him. There's also a little peak called Pike's Peak near Clayton right near Marquette, Iowa and it's really cool. Not quite as spectacular as the other Pike's Peak but it's the same Zebulon Pike. Then we'll cover a little bit of the actual battle but not much. I think you just need to read the book by Mary Elise Antoine and we will end this podcast. I hope you are interested in this particular area. I think it's some of my previous podcasts. I've discussed how I got interested in this topic of cheap Blackhawk and the battles that cheap Blackhawk was engaged in and the Blackhawk War in 1832. What would originally pick my interest in Blackhawk in the War of 1832 was actually this book. The War of 1812 in Wisconsin, the Battle of Redisheen by Mary Elise Antoine. Curtis Sheen is relatively close to where I live in Austin, Iowa is located in the western edge of Wisconsin right across from Marquette McGregor. McGregor is this cute little town that's totally awesome. They have this awesome bookstore called the Paper Moon and they have a great regional book section there. That's one of the reasons why I still love going into bookstores because you see stuff that maybe you wouldn't otherwise see and I think that's kind of one of the joys of going to a bookstore is you can kind of browse and kind of see and kind of experience the culture. And I'd gone there a couple different times and I thought, Oh gosh, this looks book looks kind of interesting and finally I just broke down and bought the damn thing. The book was like, I think it's like 28 bucks for the hardcover, which is kind of a lot of money, but when you pay for a hardcover or you pay for a book like this, don't think about what you could get it on Amazon. Think of it as a donation to the person he labored on this book. A little bit about Mary Elise Antoine. I had wanted to interview. I'm going to try to interview her evidently the women at the Paper Moon know her. Evidently, Miss Antoine was the director of the Bill Louie historical site in prayer machine which if they haven't been there is pretty good. But it's kind of like how rich people lived in the Victorian area era in prayer machine so it's kind of cool but I think even she kind of acknowledged that her. Curiosity about the war of 1812 in prayer machine was much greater than just kind of the Victorian era rich people in prayer machine which is kind of interesting it's definitely worth the visit, but not that interesting. So I bought this book and that kind of opened up my whole world of this entire region and its history, its people, its stories, and this particular period between 1812 and 1814 was very significant. The purposes of where we live right now in the upper Midwest in Iowa. And it involves an incredibly interesting cast of characters, including people like William Clark. Debulin Pike, Chic Blackhawk, Kamsa, not directly but I will get to that. Zachary Taylor, all sorts of interesting characters that I had no idea had such a presence in the upper Midwest. So let's provide a little bit of the background of this region of the upper Midwest between the Treaty of Paris in 1783 up till the war of 1812. And the Battle of Pradeschine which occurred in July of 1814. So as many of you know, the United States ended its war and hostilities in 1781 with the Battle of Yorktown. That essentially ended hostilities, but it took a little while to kind of figure out the details of the treaty in terms of ending the war. And one of the things they came up with in the Treaty of Paris was the western boundary of the United States. Great Britain and the United States agreed that the western boundary of the United States would be the Mississippi River. In terms of the boundary between British Canada, President Day Canada and the United States, it was essentially along with Great Lakes. So the Great Lakes provide the northern boundary and then there was the area near Vermont and New Hampshire. They figured out the boundaries there, Maine, all those issues were addressed in that particular boundary of that particular treaty. I'm interested in this western boundary. Why is that important? Well, there were certain signatories to this Treaty of Paris that were not involved primarily the indigenous peoples of this region. And they were not happy about this. One of the irritants of the United States is a lot of different reasons why it went to war. One of the things that the British limited is they made it illegal to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. In order to be able to enforce this particular restriction, the British maintained very good relations with a lot of indigenous people. I don't know the whole origin of that. It may have been how they arrived at this conclusion based upon pragmatism, but also just how they saw how the French so effectively utilized the relationships with indigenous peoples to facilitate the first rate, their exploration and, in fact, a lot of different cases actually intermarried. And that was kind of demonstrated during the French and Indian War 1760s. So the British had these really good relationships with the Indian bands west of the Appalachia. And, of course, the United States did not like that because they had digital authority all the way to the Mississippi River. But what good is a boundary? If you can't enforce it, you can't occupy it. You can't settle it. It's just a piece of paper. You got to win it with blood, sweat, and tears. One of the heroes of the indigenous tribes was a guy named Tecumseh, and he was very active in this period. She was involved in the Indiana region. And I won't get into all the details of everything that he did up until this time. But Tecumseh had this vision and will connect that he was not involved in perotichine, but will connect what happened in Tecumseh in the Battle of Tipakanu. Yeah, Tipakanu and Tyler, too, one of the few things I remembered from my high school history class and why it's so important for significance of perotichine. Tecumseh realized in this period after the Revolutionary War that there was no way that any individual tribe could beat the United States. They didn't have the people. They didn't have the resources. They didn't have the weapons. But he did think there might be a possibility that they could win the war, and they could at least save off American settlement if they did the following thing. That is to say, if they did two central things, one, if they could form a confederation with all of the tribes and stand together and unite under a confederation, they just might be able to blunt United States expansion. Or at the very least become a significant enough player that they can exercise considerable control over how that expansion would occur. Number two, also realized that the British had a substantial interest in maintaining control over this, at least maintaining influence over this particular region of the United States. As it applies to the upper Midwest, this would be the area to the west of the Appalachian Mountains to the north of the Ohio River to the western boundary of the Mississippi River. And why did the British want to be involved in the upper Midwest trade, even though they had agreed that they had no longer going to claim that particular area. Well, two reasons. One, the fur trade was still incredibly lucrative, which the 21st century. Eyes, like, you know, beaver pelph, like we call lots of beaver to help. But at the time, you could become super rich trading first and the Europeans frickin loved first. There was all sorts of need for first and animal skins. And so it was this extremely lucrative trade. But number two, this piece that was signed by the British wasn't uneasy heath in 1783. The British still fuckin heated that they lost to the Americans. The Americans were still extremely skeptical of British influence and would they really abide by these terms. And the British consider themselves the greatest power of the era. The British were very concerned that the United States really wanted to move farther north. You know how a lot of times we kind of joke in the United States, what would happen if we would annex the first, you know, 100 miles north of the Canadian border. If we were to do that, an ex, let's say 150 miles north of the Canadian border. That's the population. That's all the temper climate. That's all the good land. Now, obviously, there's resources to the north of that. But there is this fear and the British weren't quite sure whether the United States really did want to expand north. If you think about it. This episode is brought to you by Skinny Pop Popcorn, perfectly popped endlessly delicious. Oh, so light and crunchy. Skinny Pop Original Popcorn is the snack you've been searching for. Made with just three simple ingredients, popcorn, kernel, sunflower oil and salt. Snacking never felt or tasted. So good. Perfectly popped and loosely delicious. Give yourself permission to snack and pick up Skinny Pop Original Popcorn today. At Sierra, discover top workout gear at incredible prices, which might lead to another discovery. Your headphones haven't been connected this whole time. Awkward. Discover top brands at unexpectedly low prices. Sierra, let's get moving. The United States really wanted to go west and they wanted to go south. Why not? The British did not have a great deal of soldiers there. They did not have the manpower to exercise control over this huge landmass of British Canada. So the British knew that they did have one ace up their sleeve. They had the relationships with the indigenous people. And if they were able to maintain those trading relationships and those other relationships, this would allow relatively small numbers of British to leverage the resources and the influence over this particular confederation. So to come to end as allies realize that they had an incentive to collaborate with the British because they had the technology, the resources that they needed, the British realized that the indigenous people obviously knew the land. They were good warriors and they needed them to. So they both needed each other. So after the war ended, the British were still very active in the upper Midwest. They did this primarily through the influence of traders. Now during this timeframe, there are three major settlements and everyone would have known where these settlements were. The first was, and this is in this Northwest area, you know, Northwestern University, this is what it was considered the Northwest. Now we call it the Midwest, but at the time it was known as the Northwest, there were three major cities. Mackinac, which at the time and Mackinac, as you know, is located at the straits between Lake Superior and Lake Europe, strategically very, very informed. This was a trading post, and this was kind of a fulcrum around which the British were able to supply a lot of the indigenous peoples and trade with them at this particular location. The second place was La Bay, which is present day, Green Bay, Wisconsin. Go Vikings, I still don't like the Packers. So Green Bay was extremely important, and the third one was Prairie de Chien, which is only located like 40 miles to the east of me, and it kind of blows my mind that Prairie de Chien was so important. I always knew that Prairie de Chien was old that it had been around for a long time, but it is really one of the most important cities in Western Wisconsin in terms of history. That and probably Prairie Cross, which is situated obviously near La Crosse, Wisconsin right now. But it was strategically very important, and if you go visit it, you can see why. It's this big, huge, flat area that's surrounded by bluffs to its east. So it has a lot of arable land. It's kind of protected by bluffs to the to its east, and then it fronts the Mississippi River and then on the opposite bank. There are these beautiful bluffs as well, but there were then settlements across there that then would have facilitated trade with a lot of the indigenous peoples on the west side of the Mississippi River. So it's a very significant rating post, number one, and number two, it was it was essential to control, not only Prairie de Chien, but the entire Mississippi River shed. So if you think about during the Civil War, Ficksburg was considered key to controlling the lower Mississippi. When the war of 1812, the British realized they needed to get their pans on Prairie de Chien, and whoever controlled Prairie de Chien not only can control the geographic location of the upper Midwest, and this gets up to the area of Minneapolis, the upper part of Wisconsin, the Northwest part of Illinois, and there were significant lead mines there, obviously to the part of the West of the Mississippi River, which at the time was then purchased from had already been purchased in 1803 from the French, and you have a situation where during this time between 1783 and 1812, the British were very actively involved in the fur trade in Prairie de Chien, and this was an area that had significant historical importance. Now, I don't know how far back the settlement went, that the French had been there all the way like the late 1600s and the late 17th century the French had been there. One can easily guess that the indigenous people had been there forever. So it's a very significant cultural location. It was a place where you would have relationships with the indigenous tribes, you're able to leverage those, and let me back up a little bit. Remember we had talked about the Tecumseh and why the Americans were so concerned about Tecumseh. There were other bands in the upper Midwest that were thinking very similarly to Tecumseh. One of those leaders, and I didn't know this until I read this book, was Chief Blackhawk. That's why I got so interested in the Chief Blackhawk War in 1832. At the time that war occurred, Blackhawk was like in his late 60s, he was kind of washed up. He was like in his 40s, late 30s, he was in really good shape. This is like the pinnacle of Blackhawk being a badass warrior. And Blackhawk, the sock, the fox, the Winnebago, were allied with the British. Now there were some bands that were allied with the Americans, but the indigenous people realized that the British really didn't want the land. They wanted the commercial trading opportunities, number one. And number two, the British kind of wanted this to be a checkmate, so that if the United States ever tried to attack to the north, if you have those good relationships with indigenous people so they need your supplies, this would then allow you to pull for their assistance and get help from them, and then utilize their warriors to fight against the Americans. So it allowed the British with very few people to control in a tremendously large area of land. So the Americans were worried about a Tecumseh state, a Tecumseh type alliance with the confederation of Indians in the upper Midwest. And so they were really concerned about that. And they knew that prairie machine was very strategically important. The war of 1812 breaks out, basically in 1812, but it actually lasted. Here's the interesting part about the war of 1812. It's something that I remember kind of learning about in history. It's kind of considered kind of an afterthought. You know, it's not, there were not a great deal of people killed during the war of 1812 and I don't know why, or whether that's why we think it's not really that important. But it really is important. It is probably as important as the, maybe that as important as the Revolutionary War, but damn close, it's basically the final chapter of the Revolutionary War in which the British and the Americans finally mutually recognized each other's interest in the upper part of North America. It's extremely important. There's a lot of sizes for this war, you know, and the book gets into that. One of them is the British started impressing various American ships and controlling the seas and do it a lot of really hostile acts in the North Atlantic. That was part of it. Part of it was, though, there's a lot of these issues that were still kind of circulating after the Revolutionary War and in particular control of the Great Lakes, number one. British candidate was extremely concerned that the Americans would recognize and honor that boundaries. The Americans, I think, were really pissed off. But the British continued to fuck around in the upper Midwest, the Northwest area. They were allying themselves. They had aligned themselves with the Kamsa. They were still fucking around in in prayer to sheen with a lot of influence there in pairing relationships with indigenous people. So there's a lot of different conflicts. The other interesting thing that I had really know about, no idea about, in terms of the War of 1812, there were only about 2500 killed on each side. But the threat and scope of the war is kind of breathtaking. You had battles all the way from Baltimore, which is where our American national anthem was written by Francis Scott Key. There was a big battle there. The British seized Washington during the course of the war of 1812 and burned the lighthouse. There were battles. There were naval battles on the Great Lakes. There were significant battles in Detroit. And there were battles along the Mississippi River. One of them was the battles of private machine. And it went all the way down to the Battle of New Orleans. And it was either late 1814 or 1815 after the actual war had ended. It was a continental wide war. And the consequences of that war set and solidified the boundaries between the United States and Great Britain. Forever prevented from having a significant amount of influence in this area. And at the end of that war, the consequences, so neither side really lost. They just figured out what the hell are we fighting for? Let's just kind of settle our differences. Neither side really lost, but they came to a mutual recognition that peace was more productive than war. And they settled all these outstanding issues. The consequence of this is, is that at the end of the war of 1812, the British basically agreed to get their hands off of the Northwest Territories and then not fuck around anymore with the indigenous tribes. By the way, parenthetically a footnote to the Blackhawk War of 1832, Blackhawk allied himself with the British during the War of 1812. When he fought in 1832, he was under the impression based upon his own consultation with this Indian chief named the prophet that the British would come to their assistance if there was a general uprising against the United States. And of course, even in 1832, the United States was extremely concerned about the possibility of it generalized uprising on the part of indigenous people. The other interesting thing, post-revolutionary war, is the American founders were really, really nervous about a large standing American army. So the thing was, the army was very, very small. They just simply did not have the manpower to control large amounts of territory. So let's get to a little bit of the particulars of the battle of Hurdishin itself, and I'll introduce you to some of the characters, but you got to read the book to get the whole feeling of this. So prior to the, prior to the Battle of Hurdishin and prior to the War of 1812. Zebulon Pike was commissioned to explore the Mississippi River and to chart its origins all the way to its headwaters in the upper part of Minnesota. At the same, and this was about 1805 and this expedition lasted for about a year into 1806. So it was about a two year expedition. Of course, we all know that there was also this other very famous tradition to the West, the Lewis and Clark expedition that explored the upper reaches of Louisiana purchase. So why is that important for perishing? Zebulon Pike explored the Mississippi and observed and described perishing. At that point, he really knew while this is a very strategically important location and he recommended that a fort be built there to secure this because if you secure perishing, you secure access to this whole part of Mississippi River to the north. But he also realized that it was kind of this fulcrum of influence in terms of this is where all these relationships were occurring between the British and the indigenous peoples. So you also kind of control a cultural center. And so Zebulon Pike mapped this particular area out. Of course, we all know later on that he explored the area in the old Spanish area of Colorado and also named Pike's Peak. So is your mind blown? I don't know. I think that's really interesting. You got to read this really, really good description of what perishing was like at that particular time. I will get to William Farbed. So then during the course of the war of 1812. It was kind of, it was kind of uncertain as to what was going on. The Treaty of Ghent that ended the war of 1812 I think it was finalized in like 1815. And I think some of the negotiations began towards the end of 1814, but it was kind of a stalemate. I mean, the British had better Navy than we did, but they're, and they won a lot of the different battles in the upper Midwest. The Americans won their share of battles too. And of course, the Americans were fighting on their own territory and the Brits had to essentially rely on all of these Indian allies. And so at some point, the British really realized if we really want to prevent the United States from expanding upwards and really approaching upon our territory in British Canada. What better place to do it than prayer machine? This is like the Vicksburg of the North. If we control per machine, we control this Mecca of cultural influence and all the various tribes who we can probably activate into allies when we need to. We can control navigation on the upper reaches of the Mississippi River. We can control all of these different things. And of course, the Americans really realized this too. And the governor of Missouri at the time was William Clark. So William Clark was receiving these reports about all these things that were happening prior to seeing and really realized, shit, we got to do something. We got to address this. So he felt this was so important. William Clark was based out of St. Louis at this time that William Clark actually visited Prairie de Sheen to inspect it and to boss people around during the course of this visit there in June of 1814, a month before the battle of prayer machine. I found that part really, really cool and like, oh my gosh, I am within an hour of where William Clark actually was. And the book actually includes includes a little bit of a description of how stark activity kind of boss people around. And here's what it says from Mr. Bolden, who was not very happy with William Clark when he inspected prayer machine in June of 1814. He says, I was at prayer machine under such great subordination to Governor Clark that I was obliged to await his orders and do nothing whatsoever without orders for him. I remained helpless without authority except to turn them to all the tribes of the region submissive to control for the time. During this time, too, there was an effort to resupply and strengthen the defenses at prayer machine, Blackhawk and his band intercepted them at the Battle of Rock Roberts and turned them back. So this was pretty intense. I mean, they were actually contesting prayer machine and they knew that if the war continued, they needed control over prayer machine. So that leads up to the battle of prayer machine. This occurred July 1814. When I first looked at it, I was like, oh my gosh, this is really even a battle like seven people were injured. I don't even know if anyone even died. It's kind of like, is it really a battle if it dies? But it was very significant. It was a three day siege and eventually the British and the affiliated indigenous forces secured the fort. They get the time it was called Fort Crawford and the Americans were pissed about it. So as of the time of the piece, well, people finally learned there would be a peace treaty in Zachary Taylor, you know, like that Zachary Taylor was ordered to try to retake this particular fort. And so it was very significant and the book gets into it. So there are so many different moving pieces like this book is a really good. Is it a really good read? And I think if you have an interest in the history of the upper Midwest, this book is the book for you. The outcome of the battle was the Brits and the indigenous forces won. They secured the actual fort. But the bottom line is is that we're now on a desk that occurred here, but let me just read one description of this book by Mary Antoine. It said drawing largely from a rich collection of Wisconsin historical society. Mary Elise Antoine deftly breaks multiple strands of social economic and political history to tell a compelling story of how the war of 1812 prompted a tectonic shift for indigenous and frank and phone residents. The pre state of Wisconsin. It must read for the students at the right of 1812 and the trans Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Valley. So I hope you get the opportunity to read this book. It's so good. And it's really well written. I think it's a type of thing where you could, you know, you could. Order it. You can buy it. You can read it. It was so good. And I hope I was able to pick your interest in this. I mean, ultimately. The war was completed by a treaty and the treaty resolved a lot of different issues between the Britons, the Brits in the United States. And for the most part, there was not a lot of conflict east of the Mississippi River after that time. But as we know from the previous two podcasts, it was kind of an uneasy piece in the upper Midwest. Black Caucus tribe were still there. There still were not a lot of settlers. So it was kind of like this. A lot of the seeds were set at the end of the battle of prairie machine that then manifested nearly two years later. Two years, 20 years later during the Black Hawk War of 1832, leading to a number of different military engagements. And the last one at the Battle of Badox is just like an hour north of me. So it's kind of cool. Like, I think that the big punchline for me is, you know, in this area of the country, we didn't really have a lot of big battles. At least we think we didn't. You know, if you live in the South, you got all sorts of battlefields. You know, if you're in Europe, there's all sorts of battlefields in history. This area has its own history, too. The other interesting thing for people from Decora, which is my hometown, they also talked a lot about the Winnebago. So there is some description of a chief Decora. I don't know if it was Waucon Decora. My guess is it was probably like Waucon Decora's dad. I grew up in Decora. Waucon was like 20 miles east of us. So that was just really, really cool. Parenthetically, I had mentioned to come to come to actually died. Not at the Battle of Tippecanoe, but the Battle of the Towns north of Lake Ontario in present the Ontario, Canada. It was killed in action. The other thing, it's not really cool. It's kind of sad. Ambulon Pike was also killed in action. Think of the Battle of York in Ontario, Canada as well. So some very significant historical figures fought and died in the War of 1812. I think we should know more about it. Andrew Jackson became famous, William Henry Harrison. You know, I was just remembered hanging growing up like he's the president that died three months in from eating a bowl of spoiled cherries. He was like this huge figure. Everyone would have known who William Henry Harrison was. I mean, he was kind of like the Trump of his day. Everyone would have known William Henry Harrison. And of course, I'm so huge during this particular timeframe. So I think as of the any good book, I think this book will not only activate your interest in the War of 1812. But I think if in this particular region of the Upper Midwest, if you live here, or even if you don't, it's still kind of interesting. You know, and just in terms of the scope of the conflict, like I had no idea that this was a continental wide conflict that went all the way from New Orleans. To pray to Sheen, to York, Ontario, to Lake Huron, like Michigan, to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, like all of these battles were fought. There weren't a lot of casualties, but it was, they were there in Baltimore. I mean, all throughout the continental United States, it was a huge war. It was not just this tiny little war. It was a huge war and it culminated in the mean of Washington, D.C. and our national anthem. So, it just opened up a whole different set of interest for me. And I think one of them is going to be, and has been reading Chief Blackhawk as far as that goes. So, that's it. I hope you buy this book. I'm going to see if I can interview Marianne one. See if I can get a hold of her. I reached out to Carrie Trest. I have not heard back from yet. He was the author of the Blackhawk book, but he's still on Facebook. So, who knows, whether he'll respond. I hope to be able to actually interview Marianne one. This is a fabulous book and it totally activated my interest in this part of history for the Upper Midwest. And as a result of it, I bought two books on cheap laptop. I'm definitely going to go visit the Battle of bad acts. And, you know, who knows, maybe I'll visit some other battle sites that occurred in the Upper Midwest during the War of 18. There's a couple other small battles to the Battle of Rock Rapids. There was a couple other battles that occurred on the Mississippi during the War of 1812. Fort Madison and Iowa was under siege and actually resulted them in having to actually surrender to the fort. So, there's just a lot of just just interesting strands that I really hadn't thought a lot about. And I hope you get the interest in reading this book. The War of 1812 and Scott's in the Battle of the Prairie Shane. So, that's it for this kind of segment of the Rocky cast. I've done three books on this region of history. Moving forward, I'm going to probably comment on some of the political issues of the team relating to the Democrats, going to share with you some kind of health tips that I've been learning. I read this really good Bible verse this morning and Jesus is fasting. Like, I don't know why Christians don't fast more. I think it's a huge part of Christianity. And it's, it's studying to me that's not a little part of actually Christian religious practice. And Kevin, if you're still listening and talking about quoting the Bible for crying out loud, what better source is there than that. So, that's it for this episode of the Rockin cast. I hope if you enjoyed this episode, you will share this with your friends. I hope that you don't, but I hope you put these things into action. That kind of sounds like the art of manliness. That's his tagline. But I hope you continue to recommend this to other people. Give me positive reviews. My, my listener subscribers on Spotify has gone down. So I don't know what were I offended some letter or what, but we're going to continue to do a lot of high quality episodes. I've been getting up at four o'clock in the morning so I can work on this content for you. And then continue to provide really high quality content on the Rocky cast. So that's it for the Rocky cast until next time you and I see each other. each other on the Rockley Counts.