Gemara Markings Daf Yomi
Bava Metzia 75
I'm in Daladam at Bayes, 11 lines from the bottom at the new Mishnah. Malva Adam is a Risab Hittin Bahittin, a person who's allowed to lend his sharecropper wheat for wheat, 100 pounds of wheat, and get back on rounds of wheat later. Le zera, the condition being that it's going to be used for planting. Aveloy Leachol, but not to eat. Shahirob Gomleil, he used to. Malva S. Risab, he would lend the seeds to his sharecroppers. Hittin Bahittin, a certain bulk or weight of wheat, that's 100 pounds. Bahittin for 100 pounds. Le zera, and it would be paid off when the new seeds were harvested. Kama, let's say Biaykur Vahuzlu, Obezova, who grew, let's say it was at a lower price. Excuse me, it was a more expensive price when he lent it out, and then it went down in price, or it was at a low price when he lent it down, and it went up. Notomahin, he, Raman Leo, would take. As they pay back, Kishar HaZul, the lower price. The Leylian, they shalaka, not because, like, strictly speaking letter of the law, he'd had to do that. He wanted to be stringent, upon himself, and go beyond what was legally required. Thana Rabana, in the morning of the day, Brice goes for just to overline. Malva S. Risab, Hittin Bahittin, a person can lend his sharecropper, a certain amount of wheat for another. To be repaid, that same amount of wheat, Le zera, when the seeds are produced. Kama Medvamurim, when is that? That specifically, Shiloh Yara, if he hasn't yet gone down, and started to do the work on the field. Kama Medvamurim, if he started already, then it would be usir. Now, the question we're going to ask right now is, what's the difference? Maishna Tanadi Dun. What's the difference? Why is it that our, Thana? In other words, the Mishnah. Delo Kamafli Ben Yara, Uven Le Yara, made no distinction whether the person started the job, or didn't start doing the job. Uma S. Tanabirah, the author of this Bryce that we just read a line ago. At De Kama Flegi, he does make a distinction between Yard, whether the sharecropper started to do his work already, or Ben Le Yara didn't. Well, Amar Rava tells us, and he doesn't just tell us, naturally, tells us who explained this issue to him. He says, "Ravedi, Rebi Edi, Asbura, Nihali, he explained it to me as follows. Colin, Basra De Tana De Dana, Underline Tana De Dana, and put a diamond around Arisa. And at the end of the next line, the last one all in is De Tana, underline that, and underline the first word of the next line, Berra, and put a diamond on Mariyara." So here's the distinction. In the place of the author of our Mishnah, who's the one who provides the seeds to plant the field, if there's a sharecropper we can get. Well, in our Mishnah, Arisa, Yard, Basra, it's the sharecropper who has to bring the seeds. That's the standard understood deal. Now, Ben Yard, or Ben Le Yara, whether he, the sharecropper, has not yet started working on the field, or even started, let's say, doing some initial plowing. Kama De Le Yard, Basra, if he hasn't yet provided the seeds, Matsi Missalik lay. Then he, the boss, the owner of the field is able to fire him, literally, like, remove him. Kama, bechikah, nachis, and therefore, if they make this arrangement before he goes down. And when he goes down toward the field, Le Botzermei, bechikah, nachis, he's working for a little bit of a lesser percentage. Whereas Kama Basra in the place of the Tana, Berra, they're off to the Brissa. There, you know, who provides the seeds is the Mariyara, the owner of the land, who the standard practice there was. He would be the one to provide the seeds. And therefore, it depends not so much whether the seeds have been brought, but rather has the auras. So the sharecropper started his job. Colin, E.I. squiggle on my lord, E.E. Lo Yara, he hasn't yet started working on the field. Dematsi Missalik lay, where he's able to say to me, "No, sorry, but I don't think I'm going to need your services." Kika nachis, when he does decide to start working, go down the sharecropper and work in the field, the Botzermei hakika nachis. Then we just look at it as though he's working for a slightly lesser percentage of the produce of the field. However, Kama E.I. Yara, I squiggle underline this word, E.E. If he already started working, Dematsi Missalik lay, where the boss can't really get rid of him then, then it would be usir. Period. Tana, on the bottom of the war, brings a Brissa goes to the second line of the next page. "A person can say to his friend, 'Havani korchitin, the Koitesus lay domim.'" Can you lend me a ton of wheat? And Koitesus lay domim is they set how much it would be currently. Tana wheat. And we're setting that price at, let's say, $1,500. Kolin, Huslu, if they go down in price, Nausim lay jitim, he gives wheat. Hukru, if they go up in price, Nausim damim gives the value. If he would give that same amount, it might be more expensive. The Gomar asked a question one second. Vahalai katsats. He made an assigned value with it. So what would be the problem? Amroshatius, hakika amr. You have to understand the to make source who just finished reading as though it actually adds in another case. In other words, the opening case is a person can say to his friend, "Borrow a ton of wheat seeds." And then Koitesus lay domim. And then you read in im lo katsats. And I would double and learn the word lo. And if they didn't put a, whatever today's assigned value for the ton of wheat was associated with that transaction, then Huslu, Nausim lay jitim, hukru, Nausim damim. That's the end of the rereading. It says the new Mishnah. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Can you well lend me now a ton of wheat? And I'll give it back to you at the time of the threshing. That would be maybe a problem because it might be worth more than. (speaks in foreign language) He would, yes, be allowed to say the following would not be a problem of ribis. (speaks in foreign language) So you will lend me whatever the commodity is until my son's supposed to come. And he knows where it is, or (speaks in foreign language) And I know I put the key somewhere. I just have to find the keys. In other words, he has that commodity currently. And his possession, he's allowed to borrow from someone else. And then return the same amount of that commodity. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) I would say, (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) A woman shouldn't loan out a loaf. Let's say like a bread to her friend. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) It's much better to associate a price with it because the concern is (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Maybe the price of the ingredients will go up, the price of the flour, the wheat. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Then it could be a problem if when it's returned, it's worth more. And that's possibly a (speaks in foreign language) If I currently have a pound of whatever, let's call it wheat, I can borrow a pound of wheat. So if I have two pounds of wheat, (speaks in foreign language) In other words, as much as I currently have, I can borrow from somebody else or return it much later. We're not worried about (speaks in foreign language) Because theoretically, I have it right now. (speaks in foreign language) If I currently have a pound of wheat, I can borrow from somebody else or return it much later. We're not worried about (speaks in foreign language) Because theoretically, I have it right now. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Let's say I have, I don't know, I have 10 pounds of wheat. I could actually borrow from people total of 100 or 200 pounds of wheat. And the lump that's behind that is, is that each 10 pounds that I borrow, I have 10 pounds of wheat. So since I have 10 pounds of wheat, I can borrow some of those 10 pounds of wheat. Now, after I borrowed it, do I have to keep that wheat to pay back? No, I could sell that wheat. I could use that wheat. And therefore you can keep using the same stash of that commodity that you personally have to get out of any sort of issue of (speaks in foreign language) in borrowing from others. (speaks in foreign language) We have a (speaks in foreign language) So it would support the second opinion that we had two lines ago, and the price goes here. Starts here if it goes for eight words. (speaks in foreign language) You cannot lend out wine or oil if you don't even have a drop of wine or you don't even have a drop of oil. That's the end of the snake's source. The duke is (speaks in foreign language) If you do have a little bit of wine or a little bit of oil, (speaks in foreign language) You could certainly borrow a few little bits of oil or a few little bits of oil. In other words, you have to have a little bit, but that little bit doesn't limit you to how much you can borrow. You can borrow many times more than what you have. (speaks in foreign language) And the mission of Hill is said not allowed. (speaks in foreign language) His name (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Not like him. Interesting little piece. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Triangle around (speaks in foreign language) Two lines later. Again, review that I put a triangle around him. And four lines later, almost directly underneath. At least in my edition, there's another review, and then I put a triangle around him. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Here's the first. (speaks in foreign language) This is what Hill says, that you cannot borrow from someone commodity if you yourself have that commodity. Interesting you can't necessarily get to it right now. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Not a problem. (speaks in foreign language) You could borrow without a problem. You could pay back without an issue. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) When you have a group of people who are hanging out together, they live together or traveling on the road together, and they're very particular on one another, that if any one of them borrows from someone else, it gets written down and it's a precise amount, so we have to be very yekish. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) They would actually, either potentially or would likely come to violate Mishum, (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) All of those things be Yumtuh, because you borrow something from someone else on Yumtuh, and you have to maybe weigh in, and that could be a potential to rub on an issue, even if you don't use a scale, or you might come to write it down. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) And as far as he was concerned, there would also be a RIBIS issue. (speaks in foreign language) Put a triangle on this. This is the last one of you, Huda. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Mise, be RIBIS, that sounds shocking, but yeah, Torah scholars, totally permissible from them to lend out, even with what would appear to be interest, my time, oh, why is that? (speaks in foreign language) They know it's one of the big no-nos, you can't be involved with RIBIS, and therefore, if they're going to give something to the person, so you lend the money, it's a mutton of Huda Yevi ad-dadi, simply giving a gift. Okay. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Okay, 'cause if I'm gonna be extra 20, it's simply a gift that's nothing to do with being interest, so to speak, on the alone. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) It's permissible for a person, a halvase, banu, abne, be RIBIS, to lend out money to your children, your sons, your daughters. Why would you be allowed to do that? If it's us who are in like real business students, why would you do that with your kids? (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) so they can feel the sting, the bite, the painfulness of taking it alone with interest, where you have to actually pay back more than you borrowed, and that's the mahalek and machinok that a person could use. However, the Gamora concludes without Milsohi. It's actually not the case. It is never recommended, or at least most of the time, not recommended to do something like this. (speaks in foreign language) because as much as a person might come to the conclusion, if they have to pay back interest, that interest is really not a nice thing. They might also conversely come to the conclusion, "Hey, that's actually a very lucrative sort of business for me to go into lending out with interest. I don't have to do much. People pay me more than I lend out." And that would not be a good thing. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Can you weed with me today, and I'll weed with you tomorrow, or adorimy, hoe with me, or dig with me? (speaks in foreign language) And I'll do it with you. That's allowed. However, comma. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Don't say to him. This might be a problem. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) Can you weed with me, like today, and I'll hoe with you tomorrow, or adorimy, can you hoe with me, (speaks in foreign language) And I will weed with you. In other words, the problem could be that the first person who had the work done was an easier work, and he is, so to speak, paying back the other person by working with him, potentially a more valuable type of work, and he's doing it after a period of time, and that has the potential to be rivet-like. (speaks in foreign language) In Israel, where there's the rainy season and the summer season, all the days of the summer season are considered one period of time. It's a lot easier to work a field than when it's in the middle of the rain and the mud and the field. You would not be able to, though, say, "I'll work with you today." And like July, and you'll come and work with me, even if it's the same type of work, let's say, in December. That would not be allowed. (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) (speaks in foreign language) of any accretion club, Rivia. (speaking in foreign language) You have pre-ribbous and post-ribbous. How do you have that? Well, K-tod, how so? We have two examples. Number one, let's say, Nossan, Inav, little voice of Inav, I really want to borrow $10,000 from Bob. (speaking in foreign language) So I send a message to Bob with a nice bouquet of flowers and some chocolates, and I say, (speaking in foreign language) and I'm giving you this so that you will lend me? Well, that's supposed to do that. (speaking in foreign language) That would be considered pre-paid ribbous. And the second possibility is where you already took the loan and paid it back. (speaking in foreign language) And returned his money. (speaking in foreign language) And he sends him a bouquet of flowers and a box of chocolates. And says along with it, (speaking in foreign language) I'm giving you this. Four, because you lent me the money that I was able to do with what I wanted with. (speaking in foreign language) We considered a post-transaction ribbous and it's also problematic. (speaking in foreign language) You actually could have verbal ribbous. For instance, if somebody borrowed money from a person, paid them back, and then says something to the effect of, do you know that Bob the Libyan is coming into town? You wanted to get that AK-47 with the silencer, he has it. Or, I don't know, Jose is coming in from Nicaragua and Jose the tailor, he makes great suits. So you would not be able to give that piece of information 'cause that's something of value that you're giving to them because of the loan. That would be ribbous for him. Like if he said, dah, kibah, you should play the name of a component. You know, a particular guy, whatever his name was coming in from this place, that would not be allowed. An example of ribbous devarim. Period. (speaking in foreign language) The following list of characters would violate Torah prohibitions if they are involved in a interest-bearing loan, the Malva, the one who lent out the money, the Lova, the one who borrowed the money, the Orabe, the guarantor, the co-signer, and the ADM, the Witnesses. (speaking in foreign language) Actually add also the Safer, the scribe who writes out a document that essentially says, Bob's gonna borrow, you know, $10,000 and pay back interest with $1,000 and pay back a $1,000. And so he writes something like that. That's also us. Now, we'll have a list of love and over here, Torah prohibitions, and the characters that we had, some of them are over all of them, some over part of them. (speaking in foreign language) There's a few, (speaking in foreign language) You shouldn't give, you know, place interest. (speaking in foreign language) You should not take from him interest. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) That shall not be to him like a, you know, a heavy burden if you lent out the money to him. (speaking in foreign language) That shall not place interest on him. And also shall not put a stumbling block before the blind. (speaking in foreign language) And thou shalt fear your God, I am the Lord. (speaking in foreign language) How do you know that if Al lent Bob 100, (speaking in foreign language) And it's not usual for Bob to say, "Oh, hey, good morning, Al." (speaking in foreign language) That it would be forbidden for him to do that. In other words, even verbally doing something you would normally not do would be under the category of concept of rabbis or interest. (speaking in foreign language) And this is the way the puzzle glards it. (speaking in foreign language) I squiggle it on the word davar. (speaking in foreign language) And the term davar will darshan to me. (speaking in foreign language) Or even to say or to speak in a way that you would normally not speak would not be allowed. (speaking in foreign language) These are the ones who violate, we had a list of potential violators. And we had a list of potential potential violations. (speaking in foreign language) I know in the mouth, we're gonna go over each one of them. He would violate all of those toward prohibitions or even the kulan, kama. The lova, and the lova, and also two lines later in the middle line, I also underline the order of the aidim. The lova, the one who borrows the money, he would violate (speaking in foreign language) And the next puzzle, (speaking in foreign language) Those two of obviously if he didn't borrow the money, then there would be no interest. So he's over those two. And also, if neither Lacey 10 Mitchell, he by borrowing the money is causing the lender to violate a toward prohibition. Kama, the order of the aidim underline, that is the guarantor and the witnesses. (speaking in foreign language) They would only violate the principle of being responsible for causing interest to be placed on someone. Now, that does not mean that there's other things they would also violate. As twice as points out, that could be, they're also over leaf naiver under certain circumstances, but we're listening off the avarice that the other of the aidim will always violate under all circumstances. Tanya, the comor brings a four line brice up. (speaking in foreign language) Then they gain, they actually lose. What do they lose? Well, we had seen earlier a few days ago that they basically collapse, whether it's an immediate financial collapse, an eventual financial collapse, a collapse in their family, a collapse in Olam Ha-Baa, but whatever the collapse is referring to, they definitely will eventually collapse. (speaking in foreign language) They turn our greatest of prophets, the one who through whom the Torah was given, my Shrabenu as a (speaking in foreign language) which is a nice way of saying, they make him sound like a total fool, a bumbling idiot, and his Torah to be totally false. Why? Because by them, transacting and alone with interest, they're essentially saying (speaking in foreign language) if Moshe would've known Chaya, Reva Kedavar, (speaking in foreign language) prophet, you know what sort of prophet there is available in this interest thing? (speaking in foreign language) He never would've written such a thing, which is patently absurd, but that's essentially what they're saying through their actions. That's the end of the brice. He also of Demi, I don't know if Demi, he came from her, so it's abovely reported, (speaking in foreign language) How do you know if a person, well, lends somebody else, Allen's Bob 100, (speaking in foreign language) and knows that Bob doesn't really have that 100 to pay back (speaking in foreign language) He would, it's actually forbidden, now to what extent, one of the Gudarim, does he have to go out of his way, how far of his way, but he's basically not allowed to like walk in front of him or present himself or go past him because it would make a horrible feeling (speaking in foreign language) You shall not be unto him like a heavy burden. (speaking in foreign language) Who I underlined together, (speaking in foreign language) The two of them together say (speaking in foreign language) It's actually tantamounts to having punished the lender two ways. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) You have placed like literally like riding on top of his a person, (speaking in foreign language) Like from the same route, (speaking in foreign language) We're like, (speaking in foreign language) No, she's one who lends out money and then people owe him. (speaking in foreign language) Not only beige, but (speaking in foreign language) It's like a penalty of like fire and water, burning and drowning. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) The person who has money, and he does a good thing, he lends him out, but he doesn't do it in the presence of witnesses. He's basically asking for trouble. And not only that, over he would violate (speaking in foreign language) Because if he's lending to somebody who's thinking himself, hey, this guy lent me the money and there's no witnesses and I can deny it. And then he'll deny it'll be a whole court case. And it just basically there should be witnesses there. (speaking in foreign language) And then the person like that is also (speaking in foreign language) causes curse to kind upon him because when the case eventually comes to court, and when he says, hey, like, you owe me the money and this guy denies everything, they'll curse him and they'll say that, what do you like saying you owe me money? I said, oh, you owe me money. And then it would be a big problem. (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) (speaking in foreign language) Silenced or muted should be the lips of falsehood that speak regarding the righteous untruthfulness. And that's what the people think is going on over here. (speaking in foreign language) So the Rabbi Seder Rabbi Shih, who was the last generation of Amai Raim, (speaking in foreign language) Your sidekick, your empire (speaking in foreign language) the same generation, God will adore as you. Ravina, he fulfills everything the rabbis say once or to fill regarding interest. So, Ravash wants to check this out for himself. Shallah, lay, he sent a message to Ravina like, I don't know, about an hour before candle lighting on Friday afternoon air of Shabbos Bahati Panya Shabza, Bahati Panya Damali Shabza, right, before air of Shabbos. And his message was literally, (speaking in foreign language) I need to borrow, you know, $10,000. They strongly continue to borrow the wisdom 'cause it just like happened that I got this little parcel of land and the guys agreed to sell to me and like I just need to borrow the money. Shallah Klais, Ravina sends back to him. Okay, sure. (speaking in foreign language) So why don't you bring us some witnesses and we'll write out a star. Shallah Klais, this is Ravashi. So Ravash sends back to Ravina. I feel the one in Ami, me also? Shallah Klais sends back Ravina. Such an interesting response to Ravashi. (speaking in foreign language) No, no, all the more so you, why? 'Cause you've got like the weight of the world on your shoulders. You've got a thousand and one different things that you're juggling in your mind. Marr, deterred big gear say. You're totally preoccupied and you're tour learning and all of the issues. Mistally, you're actually potentially more likely to forget or for it to slip your mind. Big garden Klaolots me. And then it would cause terrible potential things to happen and therefore, sure, I'll lend you the money, bring witnesses and we'll write out a document. Period, tenorabana, the war brings a brice. It goes almost two lines, this brice. Shleisha, there's three categories of people of saaikin, venan, nenin. Now, often the word saaikin means cry out, like cry out to Hashem in prayer. Here, Rashi says that saaikin is like down here in a basin, like the rabbinical establishment. There's three who cry out to the rabbinical establishment and they're actually not answered. The Elohainan, here they are. Misha Yashlai Mose, Uma'lvai sashlai beidim, a person who has money. And he lends it out, but he does without witnesses. That's, as we've seen, just in the lines before, is a very not good thing to do. Also, Akhina Adonat, somebody who acquires a master for himself, we'll see in the tomorrow what that is. And finally, Misha Yashlai Mose, A'lav. The nature of the relationship between a husband and wife has a very distinct roles to play. Of course, there's movement with the roles and depends on the time, but overall, there has to be the man who, so to speak, is in the driver's seat. Not that he can't be in any directions from his wife or giving her great respect or having her guide, but it's sort of like that's from the side, from the passenger's seat. So, if a man has a woman who rules over him, that's also, he might complain about it, but buddy, it's basically your fault. Asian of the Bryca, and the second in the list was Kona Adonat's by my, what is that? Somebody who acquires a master for themselves and the more it brings three possibilities. Either, number one, Tolin Ahasov Benakri. He constantly tells people that the things that he has, it's not really, hey, it's really, you know, Biff McGraw. He lives down the street, it's Biff's stuff. It's Biff's things. Well, Biff here's about them. Biff says, "Oh yeah, it's mine." And he actually comes and takes it. Academy, alternatively, that place of Nahasov Le Bonov Bikayev. He writes out all of his stuff, all of his assets to his children while he is alive. Now, it's a wonderful thing to give to children. It's also a wonderful thing to make sure a person has enough for themselves while they're alive, and therefore, if he writes everything over to his kids, he's done something tantamount to, big mistake, and if he cries out and based in, they ain't gonna listen to him. Academy, a third shot, and with this, we conclude the parrot. Dibishly Bahamata, below Azalomata Krita. If you have a person who eats, it's basically going bad. He's got bad luck, bad times, bad things, just has no luck in this particular place, and he doesn't take the initiative to go move on and go somewhere else and try to start anew. That's a person who might be soic in a basin, but there ain't nothing much that we can do for him. Hadrennalach, Ezuneshach, Adkhan.